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作者	单位
张明伟，易媛，董召娣，柯裴蓓，朱新开，封超年，郭文善，彭永欣	（扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/扬州大学小麦研究中心，江苏扬州 225009）

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中文摘要:

为了解施氮对小麦茎秆性状及抗倒性能的调节作用，以中筋小麦品种扬麦20 为材料, 设置3个施氮水平(180、225和270 kg·hm^-2)和3个氮肥运筹比例（基肥∶壮蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥分别为7∶1∶2∶0、5∶1∶2∶2和3∶1∶3∶3），研究氮肥施用量及运筹比例对小麦产量及茎秆形态、力学结构、化学成分等抗倒性状的影响。结果表明，小麦产量随氮肥施用量的增加呈先增后减的趋势；施氮量相同时，5∶1∶2∶2氮肥运筹比例的产量均最高。随着氮肥用量及基施比例的增加，茎秆基部节间变长变细，充实度降低，茎秆强度降低，田间发生倒伏的可能性及危害增加。在高肥条件下适度减少氮肥用量和氮肥合理后移能够有效提高茎秆质量，增加抗倒性能，并获得较高的产量，以施氮225 kg·hm^-2、氮肥运筹比例5∶1∶2∶2处理效果最好，能有效缓解高产与倒伏之间的矛盾。

英文摘要:

In this experiment, middle gluten wheat cultivar Yangmai 20 was used as material, the effects of nitrogen application amount (180, 225 and 270 kg·hm^-2) and nitrogen application ratios at different stages (basal∶ tillering∶ jointing∶ booting as 7∶1∶2∶0, 5∶1∶2∶2 and 3∶1∶3∶3) on the grain yield and culm lodging resistance index (such as morphological characteristics, the mechanical structure and chemical composition ) were studied. The main results were as follows: under the same nitrogen application ratios, the grain yield showed a trend of low high low with the increase of nitrogen application amount. Under the same N application amount, the nitrogen application ratio of 5∶1∶2∶2 could get the highest grain yield. As the increase of nitrogen application amount and the basal nitrogen ratio, the basal internodes became longer and slender,culm plumpness and stalks strength was decreased, which significantly increased the lodging risk. Therefore, reducing the nitrogen application amount or the basal fertilizer ratio could effectively increase the mass of stem and the culm lodging resistance and get the higher grain yield. Under 225 kg·hm^-2 N, the proportion of N applied before sowing, at tillering stage, jointing stage and booting stage of 5∶1∶2∶2 could effectively increase grain yield and lodging resistance.

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