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作者	单位
赵竹，乔玉强，李玮，陈欢，杜世州，张向前，曹承富	（1.安徽省农科院作物所，安徽合肥 230031； 2.安徽省农作物品质改良重点实验室，安徽合肥 230031）

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中文摘要:

为探寻小麦高产节水耕作技术，在2011-2013小麦生长季，通过定位试验，以安徽大面积主推小麦品种济麦22为材料，比较分析了在自然降水条件下秸秆还田+深耕+播后镇压、深松+播后镇压、旋耕+播后镇压、旋耕和复式播种作业5种耕作方式下淮北地区小麦生长发育、产量及土壤水分的差异。结果表明，各耕作处理下小麦田间出苗率均在70%以上，基本可以满足小麦生产对田间出苗的要求。在5个处理中，旋耕+播后镇压处理出苗率最高，达83%；复式播种作业处理的单株次生根数最高，2年在生育后期分别达到24.2和28.9条；旋耕+播后镇压处理2年平均及各年度的籽粒产量均最高，分别为8 206.8、8 175.5和8 238.0 kg·hm^-2，复式播种作业次之，秸秆还田+深耕+播后镇压最低，处理间差异显著。深松和旋耕处理在小麦生育后期0~20 cm土层土壤水分含量较低，而40~60 cm土层土壤水分含量较高。本试验条件下，旋耕+播后镇压是小麦兼顾高产节水的最优耕作播种方式。

英文摘要:

In order to know the effects of tillage treatment on wheat yield and soil moisture in high yielding and no irrigation conditions, wheat cultivar Jimai 22 was planted under five tillage treatments, including straw returned conventional farming and repression (PCR), no straw returned deep scarification and repression (ASR), no straw returned rotary tillage and repression (ARR), no straw returned rotary tillage (AR), no straw returned compound drill (ACP). The results showed that the field seedling emergences were all above 70% in all the five tillage treatments, which met the requirement of wheat production in the field. Significant or extremely significant effects on grain yield were observed among different tillage treatments. The highest grain yield was found in ARR treatment with 8 206.8 kg·hm^-2 in average, 8 175.5 and 8 238.0 kg·hm^-2 for the two growing seasons, respectively. ACP treatments ranked the first in secondary root index. In mature stage, ASR and ARR treatments decreased the soil moisture amount in 0~20 cm soil layer and increased the soil moisture amount in 40~60 cm soil layer. Therefore, ARR treatment was recommended as the most appropriate tillage treatment in high yielding and water saving production of wheat in Huaibei area of Anhui Province.

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