| 胡卫丽，王永华，李刘霞，轩红梅，郭天财.氮密调控对两种穗型冬小麦品种茎蘖干物质积累与转运的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(6):808 |
| 氮密调控对两种穗型冬小麦品种茎蘖干物质积累与转运的影响 |
| Effects of Nitrogen and Plant Density on Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation in Main Stem and Tillers of Two Spike types of Winter Wheat Varieties |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2014.06.13 |
| 中文关键词: 氮肥 密度 穗型 冬小麦 茎蘖 干物质 |
| 英文关键词:Nitrogen Plant density Spike types Winter wheat Main stem and tillers Dry matter |
| 基金项目:国家现代小麦产业技术体系专项（CARS 03）；农业部公益性行业（农业）专项（201203096） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解不同穗型品种产量形成的特点及其对氮素和种植密度响应的差异，在大田试验条件下，以大穗型品种兰考矮早八和多穗型品种豫麦49 198为材料，每个品种设置全生育期不施氮、施氮240 kg·hm-2（N240）两个氮肥水平以及150×10、262.5×10和375×10株·hm-2三个种植密度水平（分别用D1、D2和D3表示），研究了施氮和种植密度对两种穗型冬小麦品种主茎和分蘖的干物质积累、转运及其籽粒产量的影响。结果表明，兰考矮早八具有明显的主茎优势，开花期和成熟期主茎干物质积累量显著大于豫麦49 198，且种植密度对两品种主茎干物质积累量的影响显著大于施氮；同一施氮水平下，两品种主茎干物质积累量和各营养器官中的干物质积累量与分配比例均随种植密度的增大而增加。相同氮密条件下，兰考矮早八主茎各营养器官花前贮藏干物质的转运量、转运效率和对籽粒产量的贡献大于豫麦49 198。无论施氮与否，豫麦49 198 D3处理分蘖的叶片、叶鞘、穗轴+颖壳的花前贮藏干物质转运量、转运效率及其对籽粒产量的贡献均明显高于D2、D1处理；同一施氮水平下，兰考矮早八则随种植密度的增大而增加。因此，在生产实践中，多穗型品种应在保持适宜群体茎蘖数量的基础上，春季采取水氮后移，这样可促进分蘖各营养器官花前贮藏干物质向籽粒的转运与分配，增加粒数和粒重，提高产量；大穗型品种应适当加大播种量，适期肥水管理，促进分蘖成穗，增加有效穗数，实现高产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Two winter wheat cultivars, Yumai 49 198 (multi spike type) and Lankaoaizao 8 (large spike type) were used to investigate the effects of nitrogen and planting densities on the accumulation and translocation of dry matter in main stem and tillers. The results indicated that large spike type cultivar Lankaoaizao 8 had obvious advantages in main stem, dry matter accumulation in its main stem was significantly greater than that of multi spike type cultivar Yumai 49 198 at anthesis and mature period. Moreover，the effects of plant density on dry matter accumulation in main stem were stronger than that of nitrogen on the two spike types of winter wheat varieties. Under the same nitrogen condition, the dry matter accumulation in main stem, dry matter accumulation and distribution in each vegetative organs in both types of wheat cultivars increased with the increase of planting density. In the same treatment, the translocation and contribution of dry matter accumulated before anthesis in main stem and vegetative organs to the grain of Lankaoaizao 8 was greater than that of Yumai 49 198. Whether with nitrogen application or not, the dry matter accumulation in vegetative organs of leaf, leaf sheath, spike axis+grain husk and their translocation, transfer rate and contribution to grain in tillers of Yumai 49 198 were the highest at high density treatment D3, which was significantly higher than treatments D2 and D1. Under the same nitrogen condition, the dry matter accumulation in vegetative organs of leaf, leaf sheath, spike axis+grain husk and their translocation, transfer rate and contribution to grain in tillers of Lankaoaizao 8 increased with the increase of planting density. Therefore, for multiple spike type varieties , measures such as water fertilizer later to keep a suitable number of stem tillers could be adopted to enhance the accumulation, translocation, transfer rate and contribution of dry matter in vegetative organs of tillers to grain, then to increase grain number and grain weight, finally to raise yield. For large spike type varieties, seeding rate properly and nutrient and water management timely should be adopted to promote tillers to spikes, increase the effective panicles, and then achieve high yield. |
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