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作者	单位
范仲卿，赵广才，田奇卓，常旭虹，王德梅，杨玉双，亓振	(1.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室，北京 100081； 2.山东农业大学农学院，山东泰安 271018)

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中文摘要:

为了解冬小麦合理控水与氮素高效利用的关系，以中麦8号为材料，通过盆栽试验，应用15N同位素示踪技术，研究了返青至孕穗期的土壤水分对冬小麦氮素吸收转运特性的影响。结果表明，在本试验条件下，小麦吸收的氮素中，土壤氮占61.45%~65.33%，肥料氮占34.67%~38.55%。中度土壤水分处理(相对含水量70%)的籽粒氮素积累量最高，氮肥生产效率最高；低土壤水分处理(相对含水量55%)的开花期营养器官氮素积累量最低，肥料氮的土壤残留量最高，营养器官转运氮对籽粒氮的贡献率最高，籽粒氮素积累量最低；高土壤水分处理(相对含水量85%)的开花前营养器官积累的氮素向籽粒的转运效率最低，氮素收获指数最小。由此得出，返青至孕穗期土壤水分亏缺和过多均不利于小麦高产和氮素的有效利用。

英文摘要:

To study the effects of controlling soil moisture during reviving to booting stage on the absorption and translocation of nitrogen in winter wheat,15N tracing technique was adopted with Zhongmai 8 as material by pot experiment. The result showed that 34.67%~38.55% of the nitrogen absorbed by wheat was derived from fertilizer applied and 61.45%~65.33% was derived from soil. The highest yield of nitrogen at kernel and nitrogen productive efficiency was obtained in the middle soil moisture treatment (relative water content was 55%). The lowest accumulation of nitrogen at anthesis, the lowest yield of nitrogen at kernel, the highest residual of fertilizer nitrogen in soil and contribution proportion were observed in low soil moisture treatment (relative water content was 70%). While the lowest translocation efficiency of nitrogen from vegetative organs to kernel and nitrogen recovery index were found in the high soil moisture treatment (relative water content was 85%) . Based on those results, both the deficit and excess of soil water during reviving and booting stage were not conductive to high yield and efficient nitrogen utilization in wheat.

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