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作者	单位
蒋菊芳，景元书，魏育国	（1.南京信息工程大学应用气象学院，江苏南京 210044； 2.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾开放实验室，甘肃兰州 730020； 3.甘肃省武威市气象局农业气象试验站，甘肃武威 733000）

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中文摘要:

为给春小麦安全生产和水资源高效利用提供参考，分析了气候变化对石羊河流域春小麦生长发育和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，石羊河流域气温年际变化呈波动上升趋势，气候变暖趋势明显，线性倾向率为0.383 ℃·10 a^-1。降水量增加幅度很小，限制了蒸发强烈的干旱区的热量资源增加所能发挥的作用。受气候变暖的影响，春小麦春季发育期三叶期和拔节期每10 a提前0.2~1.5 d；夏季各生育期提前显著，抽穗期至成熟期提前0.9~4.1 d·10 a^-1(P<0.05)；营养生长期和过渡期缩短2.2~3.4 d·10 a^-1 (P<0.05)，生殖生长期延长2.3 d·10 a^-1 (P<0.01)。气温升高对春小麦水分利用效率表现为正效应(R=0.761,P<0.001)，气温每升高1℃，春小麦水分利用效率提高0.24~0.33 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1。而降水量与灌溉区春小麦水分利用效率呈负相关（P>0.05），降水量每减少1 mm，水分利用效率可提高0.12~0.41 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1。日照时数的增加有利于水分利用效率的提高(R=0.519,P<0.01)，日照时数每增加10 h，春小麦水分利用效率提高0.17~0.26 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1。

英文摘要:

To provide references to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources and guarante the safe grain production of wheat, the impact of climate change on the growth and water use efficiency of spring wheat grown in Shiyang river basin were studied. The results showed that: (1) the annual temperature variation in Shiyang river basin was fluctuating with upward trend, the linear fitting trend rate was of 0.383 ℃·10 a^-1. Increased precipitation rate was very small, but the evaporation in this arid area was increased, which limited the role of the increased heat resources. (2) The effects of climate warming on the growth period of spring wheat were that the dates at three leaf stage and jointing stage in spring were 0.2~1.5 d ahead every 10 years. The dates from heading to maturity in summer were significantly advanced by 0.9~4.1 d in advance in every 10 years (P<0.05). The vegetation growth period and the transition period of spring wheat was shortened by 2.2~3.4 d·10 a^-1(P<0.05), while the reproductive growth period was prolonged 2.3 d·10 a^-1 (P<0.01). (3) The influence of temperature on the water use efficiency of spring wheat was with positive effect (R=0.761,P<0.001). The water use efficiency of spring wheat would be increased by 0.24 ~0.33 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1 for 1 ℃ increase of the temperature. While the precipitation and the water use efficiency of spring wheat was negatively correlated (not significantly), the water use efficiency could be improved by 0.12~0.41 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1 for 1 mm reduction of precipitation. The increase of sunshine hours could improve the water use efficiency of spring wheat (R=0.519, P<0.01), the water use efficiency of spring wheat could be increased by 0.17~0.26 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1 for 10 h increase of sunshine hours.

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