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作者	单位
张辉，张立花，黄玉芳，叶优良，崔建宇，Eldad Sokolowski	（1.河南农业大学资源与环境学院/河南省高校资源与环境工程技术研究中心河南郑州 450002； 2.中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193； 3.International Potash Institute，Aumgrtlistrasse 17,P.O. Box 260, CH 8810 Horgen Switzerland）

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中文摘要:

为指导河南小麦/玉米生产中钾肥的合理施用，于2010-2012年在高、中和低三种土壤供钾水平的试验点，研究了施钾量及施钾技术对小麦/玉米轮作产量、钾肥利用效率及土壤钾素平衡的影响。结果表明，在高钾、中钾和低钾土壤上施用钾肥，玉米分别增产4.76%～12.49%、7.56%～16.08%和7.01%～22.61%；小麦分别增产6.87%～13.87%、11.19%～18.57%和18.71%～27.49%。在不同供钾水平土壤上小麦钾肥利用效率均高于玉米，钾肥偏生产力表现为高钾点>中钾点>低钾点，高钾点钾肥当季利用率较高，低钾点的农学效率较高；当施钾量为90、135 kg·hm^-2时，小麦和玉米均以钾肥分2次施用效果较好；施钾量为45 kg·hm^-2时，玉米以底施较好，小麦以追施较好。低钾和中钾点在施钾量大于45 kg·hm^-2时，基本就能维持土壤钾素平衡，而高钾点则在施钾量大于90 kg·hm^-2时土壤钾素才有盈余。综合来看，高、中和低钾点适宜的钾肥用量分别在45、90、135 kg·hm^-2左右，以钾肥分2次施用效果较好。

英文摘要:

In order to instruct the suitable potassium fertilizer application for maize and wheat production in Henan province, the effect of different potassium fertilizer rate and application technology on yield of maize and wheat, potassium use efficiency and soil potassium balance were studied on high, medium and low potassium supplying soils during 2010-2012. Results showed that maize grain yield were increased by 4.76%~12.49%, 7.56%~16.08% and 7.01%~22.61%, respectively, wheat grain yield increased by 6.87%~13.87%, 11.19%~18.57% and 18.71%~27.49%, respectively after potassium fertilizer application in high, medium and low potassium soils. Potassium use efficiency of wheat was higher than that of maize in three sites, partial productivity of potassium fertilizer was in the order of high potassium site>medium potassium site > low potassium site, while potassium recovery efficiency of high potassium site and agronomy efficiency of low potassium site were higher than that of other sites. When potassium rate was 90 or 135 kg·hm^-2, wheat and maize got the good effect with two times application. When potassium rate was 45 kg·hm^-2, it should be applied as basal in maize and top dressed in wheat. When potassium application rate was higher than 45 kg·hm^-2 on the medium and low potassium soils, basal application could maintain soil potassium balance, but in high potassium site potassium could be surplus when potassium application rate was over 90 kg·hm^-2. when potassium fertilizer was applied in two times, potassium balance index was lower, but the soil available potassium was higher. It suggested that the suitable potassium fertilizer application rate with high grain yield and high use efficiency were about 45, 90, 135 kg·hm^-2 for high, medium and low K soil, and the good effect was got with two times application.

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