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作者	单位
王小纯，刘宁，马新明	(1．河南农业大学生命科学学院，河南郑州 450002； 2.河南农业大学农学院，河南郑州 450002)

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中文摘要:

为了解不同专用小麦氮素同化及根际土壤氮素转化的特点，利用盆栽试验比较分析了强筋型小麦豫麦34、中筋型小麦豫麦49和弱筋型小麦豫麦50叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量及其根际土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的差异。结果表明，随生育进程，功能叶GS活性先升后降，豫麦34于开花期达到最大，豫麦49和豫麦50则在花后14 d达到高峰；叶片游离氨基酸含量呈先降后升再降的趋势，在花后14 d有一小高峰，除拔节期外，各时期均表现为豫麦34>豫麦49>豫麦50；除拔节期外，各时期叶片可溶蛋白含量均表现为豫麦34>豫麦50>豫麦49。根际土壤反硝化细菌活性在开花期较低，在其他时期均表现为豫麦34>豫麦49>豫麦50。硝化作用在拔节期和花后28 d品种间差异显著；豫麦34和豫麦49的亚硝化作用在开花期有小幅上升，豫麦50则在开花期达到最低值；土壤蛋白酶及脲酶活性在生育后期较大；不同专用小麦根际土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量仅在拔节期差异显著。

英文摘要:

In order to improve nitrogen use efficiency of wheat cultivars for different end use,the characteristics of nitrogen assimilation and activities of microorganisms and enzymes in rhizosphere soil were studied by pot experiment with three special wheat varieties of the Yumai 34,Yumai 49 and Yumai 50. The results showed that the GS activities of leaf first raised and then decreased with the plant growth,the GS activity of Yumai 34 achieved the maximum at flowering stage,but that of Yumai 49 and Yumai 50 achieved the maximum at the 14th day after anthesis; the content of free amino acids substantially decreased then increased,and all cultivars achieved the maximum at the 14th day after anthesis,the content of Yumai 50 was the highest; except the jointing stage,the soluble protein content showed that Yumai 34> Yumai 50> Yumai 49 in the other stages; the denitrifying bacterial activity of rhizosphere soil was low at the flowering stage,at other periods it showed that Yumai 34> Yumai 49> Yumai 50. There were significant differences on nitrification activity among different cultivars at jointing stage and the 28th day after anthesis; the nitrozation activity of Yumai 34 and Yumai 49 increased slightly at flowering stage,but Yumai 50 reached the lowest value. The activities of protease and urease were high at the late stage. The ammonium and nitrate nitrogen content of rhizosphere soil of different cultivars had significant differences only at jointing stage.

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