| 张耀兰, 曹承富, 李华伟, 乔玉强, 赵 竹, 杜世州.氮肥运筹对晚播冬小麦产量、品质及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(5):965 |
| 氮肥运筹对晚播冬小麦产量、品质及叶绿素荧光特性的影响 |
| Effect of Nitrogen Application on Yield, Quality and Fluorescent Characteristic of Late sown Winter Wheat |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2013.05.020 |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 晚播 氮肥运筹 产量 品质 叶绿素荧光特性 |
| 英文关键词:Winter wheat Late sowing Nitrogen management Yield Quality Fluorescent characteristic |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B09，2011BAD16B06，2013BAD07B08)；安徽省农科院创新团队项目（11C0202，13C0212）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探讨淮北地区晚播冬小麦合理高效的氮肥运筹模式，以济麦22为材料，研究了氮肥运筹对晚播冬小麦产量、品质及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明，拔节期追氮或孕穗期追氮减少了群体透光率，提高了灌浆期旗叶SPAD值和生育后期叶面积指数，改善了小麦旗叶PSⅡ的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)，降低了非光化学猝灭系数(qN），有利于叶片吸收的光能较充分地用于光合作用。光化学效率的提高进而促进了小麦的干物质积累与成穗率。氮肥运筹对籽粒产量的影响达到显著水平，其中拔节期追氮且基追比6∶4的施肥方式显著提高了每公顷穗数和籽粒产量，其籽粒产量显著高于其他追氮处理，增幅达到5.5%~10.8%。此外，氮肥后移和增加基追比例可明显提高籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值和硬度。本试验条件下，总施氮量270 kg·hm-2，拔节期追氮且基追比6∶4和孕穗期追肥且基追比4∶6的氮肥运筹模式是晚播冬小麦实现高产、优质的理想施肥方式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to find out the efficient nitrogen management of late sown wheat for high yield and good quality in the Huaibei region, Jimai 22 was selected as field experimental material, and the effects of nitrogen application on grain yield, quality and fluorescent characteristic of winter wheat were studied. The results showed that, when fertilizing with nitrogen at jointing stage or booting stage, the light transmission rate was reduced, and the SPAD at filling stage, leaf area index at late growth stage were raised; meanwhile, the PSⅡ potential activity (Fv/Fo) , the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (ΦPSⅡ) were improved, which enabling flag leaves to absorb more light energy for photosynthesis. The improved photochemistry efficiency promoted the accumulation of dry matter and the percentage of earbearing tillers of wheat. Nitrogen management had significant effect on the yield of wheat. Among all the treatments, spike number per hectare and grain yield tended to be the highest under the treatment of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage and base to dressing ratio of 6∶4, and which increased the grain yield by 5.5%~10.8%. Postponing nitrogen application and increasing the ratio of base to topdressing could improve protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation and hardness of wheat grains obviously. Under this experiment condition and total nitrogen fertilizer application of 270 kg·hm-2, the treatments of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage and base to dressing ratio of 6∶4 or at booting stage and base to dressing ratio of 4∶6 were more rational. |
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