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为了给小麦品质改良提供依据，以强筋小麦品种藁城8901和弱筋小麦品种山农1391为材料，设置不同氮素水平，研究了籽粒谷蛋白大聚合体（GMP）颗粒粒径分布特征及对氮素水平的响应。结果表明，小麦籽粒GMP颗粒粒径范围为0.375～200 μm。GMP颗粒体积分布总体上呈双峰曲线变化，＜12 μm的GMP颗粒体积百分比为11.2%～45%，＞12 μm的GMP颗粒体积百分比为55.0%～88.8%。与弱筋小麦山农1391相比，强筋小麦藁城8901有较高比例的>12 μm颗粒。GMP颗粒数目分布表现为单峰分布，<4 μm和<12 μm的颗粒数目百分比分别为97.5%～98.0%和99.9%，表明小麦GMP颗粒中绝大多数为<4 μm的小颗粒。在施氮0～240 kg·hm^-2范围内，随着施氮量的增加，<12 μm颗粒体积百分比显著降低，12~90 μm、>90 μm颗粒体积百分比增加，说明适量施氮能够显著提高GMP大、中颗粒比例。过量氮素不利于小麦籽粒谷蛋白大聚合体的形成。

英文摘要:

Glutenin macropolymer (GMP) particles size is an important characteristic that can affect the processing quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain. Two wheat cultivars (strong gluten cultivar Gaocheng 8901 and weak wheat cultivar Shannong1391) were grown under different nitrogen rate to evaluate the effect of nitrogen rate on size distribution of GMP particles in wheat grain at maturity. The results showed that the diameter of GMP particles changed in the range of 0.375~200 μm. Volume distribution of GMP particles showed the typical bimodal with peak values in the ranges of 3.4~4.9 μm and 87.9~96.5 μm, respectively. Proportions of particles <12 μm and >12 μm were in the ranges of 11.2%~45% and 55%~88.5%, respectively. Gaocheng 8901 had greater particles >12 μm and fewer particles <12 μm compared with Shannong 1391. A typical population of number distribution of GMP particles with peak values ranged from 1 μm to 1.3 μm. Contributions from the particles <4 μm and <12 μm to the total number were in the ranges of 97.5%~98% and 99.9%, respectively, which showed that most of the particles in the wheat grain were small particles. Nitrogen application could increase the percentages of volume of GMP particles 12-90 μm and >90 μm within the nitrogen rates from 0 to 240 kg·hm^-2, which indicating that nitrogen application could accelerate the formation of lager GMP particles. However, excessive nitrogen of 360 kg·hm^-2 was against the formation of GMP particles.

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