| 王明英，翟丙年,金忠宇，冯梦龙，贾 亮，赵粉萍,党松茂.水肥优化管理对渭北旱塬冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(4):705 |
| 水肥优化管理对渭北旱塬冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响 |
| Effects of Optimized Water and Fertilizer Management on the Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat in Weibei Dryland |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2013.04.014 |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦，水肥优化管理，产量，群体动态 干物质积累 |
| 英文关键词:Winter wheat Optimized water and fertilizer management Yield Population dynamics |
| 基金项目:国家小麦现代产业技术体系建设专项（Z225020803）；西北农林科技大学“创新团队建设计划”项目（Z111021005）；国家支撑计划项目（2008BADA4B09）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为筛选出适合渭北旱塬冬小麦生产的高产栽培技术模式，通过田间试验，以只施磷钾肥处理为对照，设置2种农户模式和5种水肥优化模式，研究优化施氮、补灌、秸秆覆盖、配施有机肥等措施集成的水肥管理模式对渭北旱塬冬小麦群体动态、干物质积累、产量及其构成的影响。结果表明，冬小麦由苗期开始群体数量不断增加，至返青期达到最大值，然后开始下降。小麦干物质积累呈“慢 快 慢”变化趋势，以拔节至灌浆期积累最快。优化模式的全生育期干物质积累量较农户模式、对照分别提高21.8%和31.0%。在8个处理中，优化模式3 2［基施纯氮、磷（P2O5）、钾（K2O）、有机肥分别为87、120、45和30 000 kg·hm-2,拔节期追氮43 kg·hm-2，秸秆覆盖为4 500 kg·hm-2,拔节初期灌水65 mm］产量最高，为6 372.42 kg·hm-2，比农户模式和对照分别增产23.5%和85.6%，是渭北旱塬南部有限灌溉条件下最适宜的冬小麦栽培技术模式。优化模式的有效穗数和穗粒数比农户模式分别增加5.8%～18.8%和3.6%～19.1%，是其增产的主要原因。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of optimized nitrogen with supplementary irrigation, straw mulch, combination of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on the population dynamics, dry biomass and yield components of winter wheat in Weibei dryland.The results showed that the population amount of the treatments were all increased after seeding, reached the highest at reviving stage, and decreased afterwards.Dry biomass showed the tendency of “slow quick slow” and the accumulation rate was biggest during jointing stage to filling stage.In the whole growth period, the average dry biomass of optimized modes were 21.8% and 31.0% higher than that of farmers' modes and control, respectively.The maximum yield was 6 372.42 kg·hm-2 in the optimize mode 3 2, that was 23.5% and 85.6% higher than control and farmers' modes.The spike number and kernel number per spike made the greater contribution to the grain yield in yield components than the kernel weight.The spike number and the kernel number per spike of optimize modes were 5.8%～18.8% and 3.6%～19.1% higher than farmers' modes.In short, under the limited irrigation condition of Weibei dryland, optimized mode 3 2 could effectively save great amount of water resource and increase the grain yield of winter wheat, so it has a great promotion value. |
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