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作者	单位
张新忠，吕亮杰，吕超，许如根	（扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/扬州大学大麦研究所,江苏扬州 225009）

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中文摘要:

为进一步了解杂交大麦主要农艺性状和产量性状的杂种优势，本研究以8个保持系、9个恢复系及由其配制的72个杂交大麦为材料，分析了杂交大麦株高、穗下节间长、穗长、单株穗数、千粒重、单株粒重、单株干重等7个性状的中亲优势与超优亲优势表现以及杂交亲本棱型与杂种优势表现的关系。结果表明，72个杂交大麦的7个性状共出现365次显著中亲优势，其中正向显著组合出现348次，负向显著组合出现17次，显著优势组合出现率为72.4%；不同性状的中亲优势出现率差异较大，中亲优势出现率由大到小依次为株高、穗长、穗下节间长、千粒重、单株干重、单株粒重和单株穗数，其中株高、穗下节间长和穗长3个性状的显著中亲优势组合出现率分别达到98.6%、90.3%和91.7%，株高均表现为正向中亲优势，穗长、单株穗数、单株粒重和单株干重均出现负向显著中亲优势；显著超优亲优势组合共出现99次，组合出现率为19.6%，超优亲优势出现率由大到小依次为穗下节间长、千粒重、穗长、单株干重和单株粒重，其中穗下节间长、千粒重和穗长的显著优势组合出现率较高，分别为59.7%、43.1%和20.8%，株高和单株穗数未出现显著的超优亲优势组合；异棱型杂交种的显著超优亲优势组合出现率高于同棱型杂交种。

英文摘要:

72 hybrids were produced by 8 male sterile barley lines and 9 barley restorer lines in a 8×9 design. Then the parents and their hybrids were used as materials to further investigate the heterosis in agronomic and field traits of barley hybrids and the relationship between the row type of parents and heterosis. In this study, seven traits of plant height (PH), spike length excluding awns (SL), inter node length (IL), spikes per plant (SP), kilo grain weight (KW), kernel weight per plant (KWP) and dry matter weight per plant (DWP) were investigated. The results showed that significant mid parents heterosis occurred 365 cross combinations with occurrence rate of 72.4%. Among the significant cross combinations , 348 cross combinations were positively with significant Hm and 17 cross combinations were negatively with significant Hm. The occurrence rate of mid parent heterosis was different with the traits. The occurrence rate in a descending order was as: PH, SL, IL, KW, DWP, LWP and SP. And the significant mid parent heterosis occurrence rate for traits of PH, IL and SL was 98.6%, 90.3% and 91.7%, respectively. The mid parent heterosis of PH of all hybrids was positively significant. And the negatively significant Hm occurred in the 4 triats of SL, SP, KWP and DWP. 99 cross combinations with significant heterosis over better parent occurred and the occurrence rate was 19.6%. The rate of significant Hb crosses in a descending order was as: IL, KW, SL, DWP and KWP. The occurrence rate of significant heterosis over better parent of IL, KW and SL was 59.7%, 43.1% and 20.8%, respectively. However, no significant Hb cross combinations occurred in PH and SP. The hybrids from the parents with different row type generated more significant heterosis over better parent than that from the parents with the same row type.

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