| 王 培，李晓林，杨 林，吴青霞，杨子博，白志元，李立群，李学军.小麦单株穗数的遗传分析及基于QTL定位的最优基因型预测[J].麦类作物学报,2012,32(5):820 |
| 小麦单株穗数的遗传分析及基于QTL定位的最优基因型预测 |
| Genetic Analysis of Spike Number Per Plant in Wheat and Prediction of Superior Genotype Based on QTL Information |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2012.05.003 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 单株穗数 主基因+多基因混合遗传模型 QTL定位 最优基因型 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat Spike number per plant Mixed major gene and poly gene genetic model QTL mapping Superior genotype |
| 基金项目:高校基本科研业务费科技创新专项(QN2011083)；国家高技术研究发展计划(“863”计划)项目(2011AA100501)；农业部小麦新品种培育专项(2008ZX08002003)。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为给小麦育种提供参考，以种植于陕西杨凌、岐山、乾县三地的中国春（母本）×兰考大粒（父本）F2∶3家系为材料，对小麦单株穗数进行数量性状主基因+多基因混合模型遗传分析和QTL定位，并对最优株系基因型及遗传效应进行预测。结果表明：(1)单株穗数符合数量性状遗传特征，由一对加性和部分显性主基因(A 1模型)控制。(2) 联合分析三个环境下的单株穗数得到9个控制单株穗数的QTL位点，其中QPn4B 2为主效位点，具有增穗的加性效应，与遗传分析结果相吻合，同时还得到自身无主效应但存在较强上位效应的5个位点；单独分析得到具有QTL与环境互作效应的7个位点，可见上位效应及环境互作效应对小麦单株穗数遗传有较大的影响。(3)在排除基因与环境互作效应以及分别考虑三地基因与环境互作效应4种情况下，单株穗数最优基因型预测效应值较中国春(P1)分别增加了1.45、1.45、1.9337和1.45，其中岐山地区预测效应值最高，达3.954 2，由此可推知此杂交组合后代在提高单株穗数这一性状上存在较大潜力；岐山地区最优株系QTL基因型在QPn2A、QPn6B位点上与杨凌和乾县两地不同，可见不同环境所对应的最优株系基因型存在差异。预测了普通最优株系的最佳基因型组合，同时讨论了在育种中获得最优株系的途径。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Spike number per plant (PN) was one of wheat production factors, the genetic study on which could provide the basis for wheat breeding. A F2∶3 population derived from the cross between Chinese Spring and Lankaodali was chosen as the materials, which were grown in Yangling, Qishan and Qianxian, respectively. After analyzing with the mixed major gene and poly gene genetic model and QTL mapping on spike number per plant, the genotypes and genetic effects of superior lines (SL) were predicted. The genetic analysis indicated that spike number per plant was in accordance with the feature of quantitative traits and it was controlled by one additive dominance major gene (the A 1 model). The combined analysis of the data in three environments showed that a total of nine QTLs were detected. Among them, the major gene was QPn4B 2, which had synergism to spike number per plant, and this result was consistent with genetic analysis. At the same time, no main effects but strong epistatic effects of five QTLs were detected. The individual analysis indicated that seven QTLs had genetic and environment interaction effects. So their epistatic effects were largely contributed by spike number per plant as well as genetic and environment interaction effects. The results based on QTL mapping showed that the genetic effects of predicted superior genotype improved by 1.45 as compared with that of Chinese Spring, when excluded the effects of genetic and environment interaction. When the effects of genetic and environment interaction were under consideration, the genetic effects improved by 1.45, 1.9937 and 1.45, respectively in Yangling , Qishan and Qianxian, among which the highest genetic effects value was up to 3.9542 in Qishan, so the progeny could have great potential for improving spike number per plant. The superior genotypes in the QPn2A and QPn6B locus in Qishan were different from that in the other two locations, and this indicated that the superior genotypes were affected by environmental factors. The superior genotypes combination of general superior line was predicted, and the way to obtain superior lines in breeding was discussed in this paper. |
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