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作者	单位
施伟，昌小平，景蕊莲	(国家基因资源与遗传改良重大科学工程/农业部作物种质资源与生物技术重点实验室/中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京 100081)

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中文摘要:

为了解干旱胁迫条件下小麦冠层温度、旗叶光合性状的变化特点及其对产量的影响，以小麦回交导入系(IL)群体［(鲁麦14×晋麦47)×鲁麦14］BC₃F₅代的160个株系及其亲本为材料，分析了雨养和灌溉条件下，开花期和灌浆期冠层温度、冠气温差、旗叶叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光动力学参数等性状的相关性以及不同性状与产量的灰色关联度。结果表明，在两种水分条件下IL群体多数性状表现超双亲，性状变异系数为1.19%～48.30%，性状均值偏向轮回亲本鲁麦14；雨养条件下抗旱亲本晋麦47的冠层温度及叶绿素荧光动力学参数比水地品种鲁麦14表现稳定，IL群体的性状稳定性(D值)超过轮回亲本。两种水分条件下，荧光动力学参数之间相关性表现复杂，Fv与Fm、Fo/Fm与Fv/Fm之间相关性最高，相关系数大于0.991。灰色关联度分析结果表明，两个发育时期的Fv/Fm和灌浆期的冠层温度对产量的影响较大，可以作为选择抗旱高光效小麦的重要评价指标。

英文摘要:

The purpose of the present research is to reveal the variation of canopy temperature and photosynthetic characteristics and their impact on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield under drought stress. A set of introgression BC₃F₅ lines (ILs) generated from repeated backcross［(Lumai 14×Jinmai 47) × Lumai 14］ were used as the plant materials. The donor parent Jinmai 47 was a drought tolerant cultivar, the recurrent parent Lumai 14 as a high yield potential cultivar under well watered condition. In this study, 160 ILs were evaluated in well watered and rainfed (drought stress) environments, and the traits of canopy temperature, canopy temperature depression, chlorophyll content and six chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters in flag leaves were measured at flowering and grain filling stages. Most of the mean values of the traits showed substantial transgressive segregation in those ILs, and the variation coefficients ranged from 1.19% to 48.30% under both water regimes. The averages of ILs traits presented the tendency to be more adjacent to the recurrent parent Lumai 14. The canopy temperature and the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters were more stable in Jinmai 47 than in Lumai 14. The introgression lines showed a similar tendency, but less stable than Jinmai 47. Under either different water conditions or growth stages, the correlations between the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters were complex, of which the largest correlation coefficients (more than 0.991) were observed between Fv and Fm and between Fo/Fm and Fv/Fm. The gray relational grade analysis indicated that Fv/Fm at both stages of flowering and grain filling, and the canopy temperature at grain filling stage had important impacts on the grain yield. Therefore, they were considered as important indices in the selection of drought tolerance and high photosynthetic efficiency in wheat.

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