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作者	单位
杨文平,郭天财，冯伟，刘胜波，王永华	(1. 河南农业大学/国家小麦工程技术研究中心, 河南郑州 450002 2. 河南科技学院, 河南新乡 453003)

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中文摘要:

为确定两种穗型冬小麦品种高产栽培的适宜行距配置，在大田试验条件下，研究了不同行距（10、15、20和25 cm）种植方式下，多穗型品种豫麦49和大穗型品种兰考矮早八的旗叶光合特性。结果表明，两种穗型品种旗叶净光合速率(Pn)均随籽粒灌浆进程呈逐渐降低的趋势，花后0~14 d，多穗型品种豫麦49旗叶Pn高于大穗型品种兰考矮早八，之后兰考矮早八优势趋于明显；两品种旗叶qP和Fv/Fo均于花后10 d达最大值，之后逐渐下降；豫麦49的光截获（LI）在花后10 d高于兰考矮早八，而在花后20 d低于兰考矮早八。行距对两种穗型冬小麦品种光合特性、LI和产量有一定影响。随着行距的变大，豫麦49的Pn逐渐增加，而兰考矮早八则逐渐降低；豫麦49的Fv/Fo在花后0~10 d随行距的增加而升高，之后以行距20 cm最高，兰考矮早八则随行距增加呈先升后降趋势，但始终以15 cm最高；豫麦49以行距20 cm的qP值较大，而兰考矮早八以行距15 cm最高；两穗型品种的LI均随行距增大而降低。籽粒产量则表现随行距增加呈先升后降的变化趋势，豫麦49和兰考矮早八分别以行距20和15 cm的产量最高。因此，生产中不同穗型品种选择各自适宜的行距配置，有助于光能的吸收利用，促进光合物质向籽粒转移。

英文摘要:

Row spacing is a main cultivation technique for many field crops. The conventional row spacing (20 cm) is used in wheat cultivation regardless of wheat cultivar with any spike type. In order to examine the effects of row spacing on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves and yield of winter wheat with different spike types, field experiments were carried out on the farm of Henan Agricultural University during 2005-2007, using multi spike winter wheat cultivar Yumai 49 and large spike cultivar Lankao Aizao 8 as the materials. Four treatments of row spacing (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm) were used. The experiment was in a split plot design, in which cultivars corresponded to the main plots and row spacing as the subplots in completely randomized blocks with four replications. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves decreased gradually with the process of grain filling in two cultivar of Yumai 49 and Lankao Aizao 8, and that of Yumai 49 was higher during 0~14 days after anthesis (DAA) and lower after 14 DAA than that of Lankao Aizao 8. Photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and Fv/Fo of two spike type cultivars obtained the maximum at 10 DAA, and then decreased gradually. Light interception (LI) of Yumai 49 was higher than that of Lankao Aizao 8 at 10 DAA, but LI of Lankao Aizao 8 was higher than that of Yumai 49 at 20 DAA. Row spacing had an influence on photosynthetic characteristics, population light interception and yield. With increased row spacing, Pn increased in Yumai 49 and decreased in Lankao Aizao 8. Fv/Fo of Yumai 49 increased with the increase of row spacing during 0 to 10 days DAA, then became the maximum at 20 cm; and became the maximum at 15cm for Lankao Aizao 8; qP got the maximum at 20 cm for Yumai 49 and at 15 cm for Lankao Aizao 8; LI of two cultivars decreased with the increase of row spacing. All in all, photosynthetic characteristic and yield obtained the maximum at row spacing 20 cm for Yumai 49, and at 15 cm for Lankao Aizao 8. It was suggested that a suitable combination of wheat cultivar and row spacing could effectively increase grain yield, with 20 cm of conventional row spacing for multi spike winter wheat cultivar Yumai 49 and 15 cm of row spacing for large spike winter wheat cultivar Lankao Aizao 8．

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