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抽穗期、始花期和开花期是衡量小麦成熟期的重要指标，对其进行QTL定位并分析其遗传效应，对小麦品种改良至关重要。为了给小麦分子标记辅助选择育种提供参考，本研究以波兰小麦和普通小麦品系中13杂交后代的F₈重组自交系为作图群体，构建由A染色体组和B染色体组共14个连锁群构成的遗传连锁图谱，包含115个SSR标记位点，图谱全长822.9 cM，标记间的平均遗传距离为7.16 cM；利用复合区间作图法在两年的环境中检测到分别位于1A、5A、6A、7A、2B、4B、5B和6B染色体上的8个抽穗期QTL，5个始花期QTL和6个开花期QTL。表型变异解释率分别为10.12%~31.51%、11.98%~19.75%和9.64%~20.27%。无论是抽穗期、始花期或开花期，都在4B染色体上检测出了与其相关的QTL，说明4B染色体与小麦成熟期关系密切。另外，在1A染色体上检测出2个控制抽穗期的QTL，对表型变异的贡献率分别达到28.13%和31.48%，说明1A染色体控制小麦抽穗期的作用较大。本研究检测出多个成熟期相关的QTL与连锁标记间的遗传距离仅0.01 cM，近乎共分离，可在育种中直接用于成熟期的分子辅助选择。

英文摘要:

Appropriate mature stage is the key elements for wheat to achieve high yield and high quality, heading date, early flowering date and flowering date are the important stages of wheat mature, localizing the QTLs controlling those characters and analyzing their genetic effects will play a critical role for wheat improvement. In this study, the F₈ recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of Poland wheat (Triticum polonicum L.)×Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Zhong 13 were used as the mapping population. A linkage map with 115 SSR markers covering 822.9 cM of the A and B genomes of wheat was established, which formed 14 linkage groups. The average genetic distance of markers was 7.16cM. With the method of composite interval mapping, the QTLs related to mature stage were detected in 1A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 2B, 4B, 5B and 6B chromosomes using the field data in two years, among those, eight QTLs were detected for heading date, 5 QTLs for early flowering date and 6 QTLs for flowering date. These QTLs could explain 10.12%~31.51%, 11.98%~19.75% and 9.64%~20.27% of phenotypic variance for heading date, early flowering date and flowering date, respectively. QTLs for heading date, early flowering date and flowering date were all detected in 4B chromosome, suggested that the 4B chromosome might have a close relationship with wheat mature stage. In addition, 2 QTLs control heading date detected in 1A chromosome could explain 28.13% and 31.48% of phenotypic variance, respectively, it indicated that 1A chromosome might have more effect on the heading date. Several QTLs controlling mature stage detected in this study were 0.01cM away from the nearest marker, almost were co separated, so they could be directly used in molecular marker assisted breeding for the improvement of mature stage in wheat.

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