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为了解灌水对不同小麦品种旗叶水分生理特性和产量的影响，于2009-2010年度在田间栽培条件下，以2个小麦品种济麦22和洲元9369为材料，采用测墒补灌的方法研究了不灌水（W0）、拔节期0~140 cm土层土壤相对含水量补灌至75%+开花期补灌至70%（W1）、拔节后8 d补灌至75%+开花后8 d补灌至70%（W2）、拔节后8 d补灌至75%+开花后8 d补灌至75%（W3）4个不同灌水处理下小麦旗叶渗透调节、光合速率和籽粒产量的差异。结果表明：（1）W3处理的小麦旗叶相对含水量、水势、渗透调节能力和光合速率高于W1和W2处理；济麦22旗叶相对含水量低于洲元9369，旗叶水势、渗透调节能力和光合速率高于洲元9369。（2）W3处理下穗数和千粒重显著增加，但穗粒数显著低于W1处理，以高的灌水量和耗水量获得最高籽粒产量，水分利用效率无显著变化。济麦22籽粒产量、穗数、千粒重、耗水量和水分利用效率均显著高于洲元9369，穗粒数低于洲元9369。本试验条件下，在拔节后8 d和开花后8 d 0~140 cm土层平均土壤相对含水量补灌至75%，是兼顾节水和高产的最优处理。

英文摘要:

In order to elucidate the effects of dalyed irrigation on osmotic adjustment and photosynthetic rate of flag leaf and grain yield of different wheat cultivars, field experiment was conducted using two wheat cultivars Jimai 22 and Zhouyuan 9369 as materials, four irrigation regimes were applied in the present experiment, i.e. , no irrigation (W0), relative water content in 0~140 cm soil layers at jointing and anthesis stages were 75% and 70% respectively(W1), relative water content in 0~140 cm soil layers at the eighth day after jointing and eighth day after anthesis stages were 75% and 70% respectively (W2), relative water content of 0~140 cm soil layers at the eighth day after jointing and the eighth day after anthesis were both 75%(W3). The results showed that(1)The relative water content, water potential and osmotic adjustment saturation capacity of flag leaves of W3 treatment were higher than that of W1 and W2 treatments, and the same was with photosynthetic rate of flag leaf. Compared with Zhouyuan 9369, the relative water content of flag leaves in Jimai 22 was lower, but the water potential, osmotic adjustment saturation capacity and photosynthetic rate were higher.(2)The thousand grain weight and spike number per hectare of W3 treatment were higher than that of treatment W1, but the grain number per spike and grain yield was lower. W3 treatment got the highest grain yield at the cost of higher irrigation amount and water consumption amount, and the water use efficiency had no significant difference between those treatments. The grain yield, spike number per hectare, thousand grain weight, water consumption amount and water use efficiency of Jimai 22 were higher than that of Zhouyuan9369, except that the grain number per spike was lower. In wheat production under conditions similar to this study, the optimal irrigation regimes are suggested as the water content of 0~140 cm soil layer was 75% at the eighth after jointing stage and the eighth after flowering stage for Jimai 22 and Zhouyuan 9369.

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