| Kernel hardness is highly correlated with the marketing classification and processing quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It is very important to analyze the distribution of grain hardness and composition of their puroindoline genotypes in Shaanxi wheats for wheat breeding and extension in Shaanxi province. Based on the kernel hardness of 169 Shaanxi wheat cultivars and advanced lines using a Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) in this study, molecular markers and gene sequencing were used to understand puroindoline genotypes of hard wheats identified by SKCS. The results using the SKCS method showed that the cultivars and advanced lines examined were classified as soft (21.9%), mixed (6.5%) and hard (71.6%) types. There were distinct differences in the frequencies of soft, mixed and hard types among three diverse regions of Shaanxi. The results using molecular markers and gene sequencing in 121 hard wheats indicated that, four mutation types were observed. Genotypes Pina D1b, Pinb D1b, Pinb D1d and Pinb D1p were fund in 14, 97, 2 and 8 materials, respectively. The percentages of genotypes Pina D1b, Pinb D1b, Pinb D1d and Pinb D1p were 11.6%, 80.2%, 1.6% and 6.6% in hard wheats, respectively. Those showed that hard wheats are the most popular type in Shaanxi wheats. Four mutation types were present in Shaanxi hard wheats, and the Pinb D1b was the most popular genotype. |
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