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作者	单位
郭宁，李文斌，沈玉芳, 李世清	( 1. 西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100 2. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100 3. 西北农林科技大学林学院, 陕西杨凌 712100)

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中文摘要:

为给旱地作物合理施肥提供理论依据，以旱地小麦品种长武134为试验材料，采用隔离式上下两层土培装置，模拟黄土高原半干旱区“上干下湿”的土壤水分环境，研究了中度和重度水分胁迫下施肥深度对冬小麦生物学性状及产量的影响。结果表明，两种水分胁迫下施肥深度对冬小麦生物学性状、产量及其构成的影响不同。相同水分胁迫处理下，株高表现为上层施肥处理＞下层施肥处理＞未施肥处理；叶面积表现为下层施肥处理＞上层施肥处理＞未施肥处理；上、下层施肥处理间地上部生物量和籽粒产量差异不明显，但均显著高于未施肥处理；穗数增加是施肥增产的主要原因。上层和下层施肥分别提高和降低了根冠比，但不影响收获指数。说明水分胁迫条件下施肥可促进小麦植株生长和产量提高，不同性状对施肥深度的反应不同。

英文摘要:

In order to study the effects of fertilization depth on the growth and yield of winter wheat under two different water stress conditions, a two layer root pot (20 cm height of the drier, upper layer, and 40 cm height of the wetter, lower layer) was established and a dry land wheat variety was chosen in the study. The results showed that fertilization depth had significant effects on the biological characters and yield of winter wheat under two water stress conditions. Under any water stress condition, the plant height, leaf area, shoot biomass and yield in the fertilization treatments were higer than those in the no fertilization treatment but the plant height and leaf area in the upper soil fertilization treatments were higher and lower than in the lower soil fertilization treatments, respectively. The differences of shoot biomass and yield were not significant among the fertilization treatments. The positive effect of fertilization on yield was mainly due to spike increase. The upper and lower fertilization increased and reduced root / shoot ratio, respectively but fertilization did not influence harvest index. It was suggested that fertilization could prompt wheat growth and increase yield in drought condition but the effects of fertilization depth treatments on different characters were different.

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