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为给超高产小麦生产能力的进一步提升提供理论依据，以超高产小麦品种温麦6号为对照，在水肥条件较好的高产麦田研究了两个具有超高产潜力的小麦品种洛麦21号和周麦18的产量及生育后期旗叶生理特点。结果表明，与温麦6号相比，洛麦21号和周麦18分别增产13.02%和9.92%，差异达极显著和显著水平。洛麦21号和周麦18每公顷穗数与对照差异不显著，但穗粒数和千粒重均显著高于温麦6号，两品种的经济系数也均高于温麦6号。洛麦21号和周麦18在生育后期都具有较高的光合速率、较大的光合叶面积指数和较高的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)，并且其光合功能期长，叶绿素含量高；旗叶可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量不仅高而且下降缓慢。这些结果说明，改善生育后期旗叶光合性能、延缓叶片衰老进程、增加穗粒数和千粒重，以及提高经济系数可进一步提高超高产小麦品种的产量。

英文摘要:

Super high yield wheat cultivars Luomai 21 and Wenmai 18 were planted in the high yield wheat field with favorable soil, fertilizer and water conditions were used to study grain yield capacity, photosynthetic characteristics and carbon and nitrogen metabolism at late growth stages of wheat. The results showed that: the yield of super high yield wheat cultivars Luomai 21 and Zhoumai 18 increased more significant than that of Wenmai 6(CK) by 13.02% and 9.92%,respectively. The difference in number of ears of super high yield wheat cultivars per hectare was not significant with CK,kernels per ear were 38, the thousand grain weight was more than 49 g,which were different significantly with CK. Pn, photosynthetic leaf area index and PSⅡmaximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of super high yield wheat cultivars were higher than those of CK at late growth period, and their growth periods were longer and chlorophyll contents were higher. At the same time, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content in flag leaves of super high yield wheat were higher and decreased more slowly than CK; showing their higher ability to use light and longer duration of photosynthetic function. That was key physiological reason for grain yield enhancement during wheat cultivars improvement.

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