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为明确磷肥对小麦品质及根系发育的调控效应，以强筋小麦品种郑麦9023、中筋小麦品种周麦18号、弱筋小麦品种郑麦004为材料，研究了3个磷肥水平（0、90、180 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2）对不同筋力型小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和根系数量性状及生理生化特性的影响。结果表明，施磷在不同程度上增加了小麦次生根数，提高了根系活力，降低了根系可溶性糖含量，但高磷（180 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2）并不利于根系生长。3个小麦品种次生根数在籽粒灌浆期均达最高值，其中，郑麦004的单株次生根数和主茎次生根数较多；根系活力在拔节期达到最大值，成熟期降到最低，其中，郑麦9023根系活力较弱；根系可溶性糖含量在冬前达到最大值，其中，周麦18号的根系可溶性糖含量较高。施磷可增加周麦18号和郑麦9023的籽粒蛋白质含量，但降低郑麦004的籽粒蛋白质含量；在中磷（90 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2）条件下，小麦蛋白质产量最高。综合考虑，在本试验条件下，以中磷处理效应最佳。

英文摘要:

To make clear the influence of phosphorus fertilizer in wheat grain quality and root development,the effects of three application rates of phosphorus fertilizer on grain quality and root quantitative, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Zhengmai 9023, a strong gluten cultivar, Zhoumai 18, a medium gluten cultivar, and Zhengmai 004, a weak gluten cultivar, were studied. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer application increased nodal roots and root vigor to a certain extent but decreased soluble sugar content in root. However,excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer was not in favor of root growth and development. Nodal roots reached the maximum during grain filling period. And nodal roots per plant and per culm of Zhengmai 004 were all more than that of other cultivars. Root vigor was the highest at jointing stage and decreased to the lowest level at maturity. Among the different wheat cultivars, root vigor of Zhengmai 9023 was the lowest. Soluble sugar content in root was the maximum just before wintering. And soluble sugar content in root of Zhoumai 18 was more than that of other cultivars. Application of phosphorus fertilizer increased grain protein content both of Zhoumai 18 and Zhengmai 9023,but decreased grain protein content of Zhengmai 004. The protein yield was the highest under the medium phosphorus application level. Comprehensive consideration, under the experiment condition, the effect was the best at the medium phosphorus application level.

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