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作者	单位
朱东旭，马守才，张改生，牛娜	（西北农林科技大学陕西省作物杂种优势研究与利用重点实验室/小麦育种教育部工程研究中心，陕西杨凌 712100）

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中文摘要:

小麦多子房性状具有明显的穗粒数优势，可明显提高小麦的繁殖系数。为研究多子房这一特殊性状，以矮败小麦为杂交工具材料、多子房小麦多II为供体亲本、单子房小麦77（2）为轮回亲本,经过连续回交5代和自交,初步培育成多子房近等基因系（NIL）。在小麦21对染色体的各长短臂随机选取了42对SSR引物，对23个NIL材料及其轮回亲本的遗传相似性和遗传距离进行了比较分析, 结果表明：（1）42对SSR引物共扩增出92条谱带，其中53条具有多态性，多态性条带率57.61％；30对引物具有多态性，多态性引物率71.43％；（2）23个材料与轮回亲本的遗传相似系数为0.77~0.95，平均遗传相似系数为0.88；（3）聚类分析将23个材料和轮回亲本的相似系数在0.84处分为7大类，其中70.83％的材料归入第一类；第一类在0.87处又分为3个亚类，其中多子房材料2008H69与轮回亲本差异最小，在0.93处聚为一类。

英文摘要:

Multi ovary character as a new peculiar properties of wheat had an advantage of kernels per head obviously, and could improve the propagation coefficiently. In this study, dwarfing sterile wheat was used as a tool material, duo II was used as donor parent, and 77（2）was used as recurrent male parent. The multi ovary near isogenic lines (NIL) was preliminary produced after successive backcrossing(5 times) and crossing. 42 pairs of SSR primers were selected randomly which located in short or long arm of 21 wheat chromosomes. Genetic similarity and genetic distance of 23 NIL materials and their recurrent parents were compared and analysised by using SSR. The results showed：(1)All the selected 42 pairs of SSR primers amplified 92 bands, 53 bands(57.61%) were polymorphic and 30 pairs(71.43%) of primers were polymorphic. (2)The genetic similarity coefficient of 23 NIL materials and their recurrent parents was between 0.77 and 0.95, with an average of 0.88. (3)Cluster analysis revealed 23 NIL materials and their recurrent parents into 7 cluster with the similarity coefficient of 0.84. 70.83% of them were clustered into the first cluster; the first cluster included 3 subclasses. The multi ovary material 2008H69 was the least different with the recurrent parent, and was clustered into a small class with the similarity coefficient of 0.93.

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