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作者	单位
王青，牛娜，张改生，张瑜，葛峰辉，马守才，李红霞	西北农林科技大学陕西省作物杂种优势研究与利用重点实验室/小麦育种教育部工程研究中心，陕西杨凌 712100

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中文摘要:

为了实现粘类小麦雄性不育恢复基因Rfv1的定向转育，创制优良的粘类非1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育新恢复系，以携有粘类小麦雄性不育恢复基因Rfv1的恢复系亲本5253、5383为供体，以西农Mp1、西农Mp2（化杀杂交小麦新品种西杂1号、西杂5号的父本）为受体，采用定向回交转育方法，结合根尖细胞学镜检、复合引物多重PCR等技术，进行了恢复基因Rfv1的定向转育与检测，育成既携有Rfv1恢复基因，又具有西农Mp1、西农Mp2核基因背景的粘类非1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育新恢复系。本研究表明：（1）根尖体细胞随体鉴定和复合引物PCR分析，不仅能准确地鉴定出1BL/1RS纯合易位系，而且可以鉴定1BL/1RS·1BL/1BS Rfv1易位杂合体。其中复合引物PCR更适合于回交后代中大量目标种子的筛选；（2）恢复基因转育后代定株与不育系测交，依据测交恢复度可准确确定恢复基因在回交后代的延续，恢复基因定株定向转育与性状选择结合可大大提高转育后代的实际应用效果；（3）本研究提出的粘类小麦雄性不育恢复基因Rfv1定向转育体系，可有效地实现小麦由化控强优势组合向三系强优势组合的定向转化，即生理型不育途径向遗传型不育途径的定向转化，进而建拓一套杂交小麦强优势组合多途径利用新体系。

英文摘要:

This research confirmed the method of directional transferring and identification of fertility restoring gene Rfv1 and selected a new non 1BL/1RS fertility restoring line of NINE type wheat. The study adopted the wheat 5253 and 5383 as the donor which contains Rfv1 and the male parent of Xiza 1 and Xiza 5 named Xinong Mp1 and Mp2 as the acceptor, and producted the new non 1BL/1RS fertility restoring line of NIAN type wheat which containing the Rfv1 and the nuclear genes of Xinong Mp1 and Mp2. The process of directional transferring combined technologies of the observation of satellites in root tip, multiplex PCR makers and self seed set rate of test cross progenies. The study suggest: (1) The observation of satellites in root tip and multiplex PCR makers could accurately identify the homozygous and the heterozygosis of 1BL/1RS translocation. (2) Through the restoring degree we could confirm the success of the transfer. The combination of the restoring degree and the agronomy property could increase the efficiency of practical application. (3) This study proposed the transformation from the physiological male sterile to the genetic male sterile, and then establish a method of utilize the strong superiority crosses.

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