欢迎访问《麦类作物学报》编辑部网站

为探讨小麦节水高产栽培技术，以济麦20和鲁麦21号为材料，在露天不封底瓷管和防雨棚封底瓷管两种栽培条件下，研究不同渗灌覆膜处理对冬小麦水分利用效率及产量的影响。结果表明，渗灌和地膜覆盖均可显著提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率，但提高幅度因品种和渗灌深度不同而异。在露天条件下，较之地表灌溉不覆膜，20 cm渗灌加地膜覆盖处理可使籽粒产量提高13.67%~11.18%、水分利用效率提高14.59%~12.08%；在防雨棚条件下，籽粒产量提高20.16%，水分利用效率提高22.57%，40 cm渗灌籽粒产量略高于20 cm渗灌，但差异不显著。露天栽培条件下不同处理平均水分利用效率高达2.6063 kg·m-3 ·m-2，而防雨棚条件下仅为1.3482 kg·m-3 ·m-2，相对提高93.31%，籽粒产量提高102.90%，生物产量提高77.41%，收获指数提高13.99%，而总耗水量仅增加22.48 mm。试验结果说明深层土壤水对产量和水分利用效率具有重要作用，在不同试验条件下的研究结果具有较大差异。

英文摘要:

In order to establish technical parameters of water saving and high yielding cultivation system, Jimai 20 and Lumai 21 were used as materials, the effects of irrigation methods and film mulching on WUE and yield of winter wheat in two kinds of cropping conditions were studied. The results showed that infiltrating irrigation and film mulching notably increased yield and WUE under two kinds of cropping conditions, however, different responses were observed for individual cultivars and infiltrating depths. Contrasting to the surface irrigation and no mulching, the yield of 20 cm infiltrating irrigation with film mulching was improved by 13.67%~11.18% and WUE increased by 14.59%~12.08% in the field condition; the yield and WUE of wheat increased by 20.16% and 22.57% in treatment of 20 cm infiltrating irrigation adds film mulching, respectively in rainout shelter, and that yield in the 40 cm infiltrating irrigation was higher than that of 20 cm infiltrating. The average WUE of every treatment was up to 2.6063 kg·m-3·m-2 in the field condition, while it was 1.3482 kg·m-3 ·m-2 in rainout shelter, and was improved by 93.31%. The economic yield improved about 102.90%, the biomass increased by 77.41%, the index of harvesting increased about 13.99%, but the total water consumption only increased by 22.48 mm. The study indicated that deep soil water had important effect and different effects were observed at different conditions and cultivars.

查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器

关闭