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作者	单位
程西永1，陈平1，许海霞1，詹克慧1，董中东1，王勋2，崔党群1	1. 河南农业大学农学院，河南郑州 450002； 2. 睢阳区农业局，河南商丘 476100

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中文摘要:

为有效利用国外引进的小麦种质资源，采用多样性指数、变异系数和聚类分析等方法，对来自6个国家的728个小麦品种（系）19个性状的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明，智利小麦的穗粒数多，蛋白质含量高，生育期偏长；中国小麦的粒重高，植株偏低；俄罗斯小麦的单株穗数多；墨西哥小麦的面粉吸水率高；荷兰小麦对白粉病的抗性好。中国小麦的6个产量性状和4个品质性状、俄罗斯小麦的植株性状、墨西哥小麦对黄矮病的抗性及澳大利亚小麦对白粉病的抗性变异类型丰富。荷兰小麦的6个产量性状、中国小麦的植株性状和俄罗斯小麦的4个品质性状变异程度最大。聚类分析表明，中国、智利和澳大利亚等3个国家小麦种质资源的变异类型较多，而俄罗斯种质资源变异类型较少；上述6个国家在育种过程中相互利用了彼此的种质资源，但各自的种质资源均具有独特的遗传特点。由此说明，从不同国家引进的小麦种质资源既可以改良中国小麦品种的农艺性状、品质性状和抗病性，也有助于拓宽中国小麦种质资源的遗传基础。

英文摘要:

To effective use of genetic resources of wheat germplasm, the diversity index, variance coefficient and clustering analysis were evaluated and a core collection was developed using 728 accessions with 19 agronomic traits originating from 6 countries. The results showed that the wheat accessions from Chile had the character with higher number of spikelet per spike and higher protein content and longer growth periods. The wheat germplasm from China had the trait of higher grain weight while decreasing plant height. The wheat accessions with higher spikes per plant and flour water absorption were from Russia and Mexico, respectively. The wheat varieties from Netherlands had the disease resistance to powdery mildew. Diversity index analysis indicated that there were wide genetic diversities among wheat germplasm in 6 yield traits and 4 quality traits from China, in plant traits from Russia, in yellow dwarf resistance from Mexico and in powdery mildew resistance from Australia. Coefficient variance analysis suggested that the most wide variation were existed among 6 yield traits, plant traits and quality traits from Netherlands, China and Russia, respectively. The cluster analysis indicated that the wider genetic resources of wheat were distributed in China, Chile and Australia, while the Russia had the narrow wheat germplasm resources. Based on these results, six countries had the exchanged wheat germplasm during breeding program, but they had different and special genetic character. The results demonstrated that using the wheat germplasm originating from foreign countries can improve the Chinese wheat varieties in agronomic traits, quality traits and disease resistance, but also can widen the heredity of wheat germplasm in China.

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