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为给优质小麦选育提供参考依据，以籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、面筋强度和碱水保持力不同的6个常用优质小麦品种为亲本，按Griffing双列杂交法Ⅱ配制15个杂交组合，研究了小麦碱水保持力的遗传规律。结果表明，碱水保持力在杂交组合间存在显著差异，且受环境条件的影响较大。6个亲本中，宁麦9号和皖麦48的一般配合力较好，均表现为较大的负向效应，能极显著地降低杂种后代的碱水保持力，在优质软麦育种中利用价值较高。碱水保持力的遗传符合加性显性模型，同时受加性和显性效应的作用，且加性效应更重要。控制碱水保持力的减效基因为显性，亲本中增效和减效基因分布不对称。宁麦9号和皖麦48控制碱水保持力的显性基因最多。碱水保持力可能受1～2对主效基因的控制，狭义遗传力较低，早代选择不宜太严。

英文摘要:

In order to study the genetic laws of alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC) in wheat, which might be beneficial for high quality wheat breeding, genetic analysis was conducted in six parents and their F1 obtained from a diallel cross without reciprocals. Six parents characterized with different quality triats in kernel hardness, protein content, gluten strength and AWRC. The results showed that significant difference was observed among all genotypes for AWRC, which was also significantly affected by environments. Ningmai 9 and Wanmai 48 were the best for general combining ability of AWRC and could significantly reduce AWRC in their crossing progeny. Ningmai 9 and Wanmai 48 might be used as the best parents in soft wheat breeding program. The heritance of AWRC fit in the additive dominance model and was controlled by both additive and dominant genetic effects, and the additive effect was more important than dominant effect. The alleles decreasing AWRC was dominant, and the frequency distribution of increasing or decreasing alleles was asymmetry among six parents. Ningmai 9 and Wanmai 48 had the most dominant genes controlling AWRC. AWRC might be controlled by one or two pairs of major dominant genes with lower narrow sense heritability.

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