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作者	单位
徐磊1，王大伟2，时荣盛1，盛中飞1，李安飞1	1. 山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东泰安 271018； 2. 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所，北京 100101

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中文摘要:

为了给小麦抗倒性的评价提供简便易行的指标，以抗倒性不同的20个小麦品（系）为材料，研究了抽穗至成熟期茎秆基部第二节间鲜、干密度的变化特点，以及鲜、干密度与产量性状及其他形态与生理指标的关系。结果表明，小麦茎秆抗倒性强弱与基部节间茎秆鲜干密度值的大小密切相关；鲜密度随灌浆过程的进行基本呈递减趋势，在蜡熟期最低；在灌浆中期干密度较高但变化幅度较大的品种抗倒性较差。基部第二节间茎秆鲜、干密度与茎秆机械强度、单株鲜重、基部节间鲜干重、壁厚等形态生理指标呈极显著正相关，与倒伏指数呈极显著负相关，与不孕小穗数、单位面积穗数等产量性状呈极显著负相关。因此，直接利用基部节间茎秆鲜、干密度来评价小麦品种的抗倒性是可行的，通过提高基部节间茎秆的干密度可以实现抗倒性和产量的同步提高。

英文摘要:

In order to discover the characteristics closely related to plant lodging and provide some reference for the estimation of lodging resistance in super high yield breeding of wheat, twenty cultivars with different lodging resistance were studied on the tendency features of the fresh and dry density of the second bottom elongate stem during the stages of heading to mature, and the relationship between stem density and yield characteristics, other morphological and physiological parameters. The results indicated that the lodging resistance of wheat stem was closely related to the values of density of the bottom elongate stem. The fresh density declined following the process of growing, with the lowest values in mature stage; the dry density showed higher values but less lodging resistance in some varieties varying greater in the middle stage of growing. Significant and positive correlation existed between the fresh and dry stem density with the morphological and physiological parameters, e.g. mechanical strength of stem (r=0.500**, 0.650**), fresh weight of individual plant, 2 cm fresh and dry weight and wall thickness of the first and second bottom elongate stem. Moreover, the fresh and dry density of the second bottom elongate stem had a significant and negative correlation with the index of lodging (r=-0.561**, -0.478**), and yield characteristics, such as the numbers of sterile spikelets (r=-0.370**, -0.550**), and ears per area (r=-0.426**, -0.507**), and a significant and positive correlation with the number of seed setting spikelets. Therefore, it is fessible to evaluate the relative effects of lodging resistance of wheat according to the direct measurement of the fresh and dry density of the second bottom elongate stem. Moreover, the synchronous improvement of the biological and economic yield can be achieved by the increasing of the dry stem density.

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