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| 覆盖对西北雨养区春小麦干物质积累转运、氮素吸收利用及产量的影响 |
| Effects of Straw Mulching on Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation, Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization, and Yield of Spring Wheat in a Rainfed Region of Northwest China. |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-14 修订日期：2025-09-26 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 春小麦 秸秆带状覆盖 干物质 氮素 |
| 英文关键词:Spring Wheat Straw Strip Mulching Dry Matter Nitrogen |
| 基金项目:国家小麦产业技术体系(CARS-03-86)；甘肃省陇原青年英才项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同覆盖措施下春小麦干物质积累转运、氮素吸收利用及产量的变化规律,于2024年在西北雨养区进行田间试验,设地膜全覆盖(PM)、秸秆带状覆盖(SM)、碎秆全覆盖(CM)和露地对照(CK)4个处理,分析其对春小麦干物质和氮素积累、分配、转运及氮素利用效率与产量形成的影响。结果表明：覆盖促进了春小麦地上部生长与氮素积累,且增幅均表现为PM＞SM＞CM；春小麦干物质与氮素在分配方面同步响应覆盖方式,PM开花期叶的干物质与氮素分配比例较CK显著降低了6.73%、16.55%,SM成熟期籽粒的干物质与氮素分配比例较PM显著提高了5.39%、6.63%；覆盖明显影响了干物质转运,较CK,PM花前干物质转运量显著提高了84.04%,CM花后干物质同化量显著提高了48.46%,SM介于PM与CM之间；覆盖处理均显著提高了花前氮素转运量和花后氮素同化量,增幅分别为SM(35.22%)＞PM(32.43%)＞CM(21.26%)、PM(34.51%)＞CM(17.07%)＞SM(8.95%)；覆盖差异化影响氮素利用,PM的氮吸收效率最高,SM与CM的氮收获指数显著高于PM、CK；同时,覆盖处理较CK均显著提高了春小麦籽粒产量,增幅为PM(33.10%)＞SM(16.09%)＞CM(12.98%)。可见,覆盖通过优化春小麦干物质与氮素积累、分配与转运,进而促进产量提高。综合考虑产量、资源效率与可持续性,秸秆带状覆盖是西北雨养区春小麦生产中一种极具潜力的覆盖技术。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the dynamics of dry matter accumulation and translocation, nitrogen uptake and utilization, and grain yield of spring wheat under different mulching practices, a field experiment was conducted in 2024 in the rainfed region of Northwest China. Four treatments were applied: plastic film mulching (PM), straw strip mulching (SM), crushed straw mulching (CM), and a non-mulched control (CK). The effects of these mulching practices on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, distribution, translocation, nitrogen use efficiency, and yield formation were analyzed. The results showed that mulching promoted aboveground growth and nitrogen accumulation in spring wheat, with the magnitude of increase following the order of PM > SM > CM. Dry matter and nitrogen allocation responded synchronously to mulching practices. Compared with CK, PM significantly reduced the dry matter and nitrogen distribution proportions in leaves at anthesis by 6.73% and 16.55%, respectively. Meanwhile, SM significantly increased the dry matter and nitrogen distribution proportions in grains at maturity by 5.39% and 6.63%, respectively, compared with PM. Mulching markedly influenced dry matter translocation. Compared with CK, PM significantly increased pre-anthesis dry matter translocation by 84.04%, while CM significantly enhanced post-anthesis dry matter assimilation by 48.46%, with SM exhibiting intermediate values. All mulching treatments significantly increased both pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation and post-anthesis nitrogen assimilation, with increases of 35.22% (SM), 32.43% (PM), and 21.26% (CM) for the former, and 34.51% (PM), 17.07% (CM), and 8.95% (SM) for the latter. Mulching also differentially affected nitrogen utilization. PM exhibited the highest nitrogen uptake efficiency, whereas SM and CM showed significantly higher nitrogen harvest indices than PM and CK. Furthermore, all mulching treatments significantly increased grain yield compared with CK, with yield increases of 33.10% (PM), 16.09% (SM), and 12.98% (CM). These findings indicate that mulching enhances grain yield by optimizing dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, allocation, and translocation in spring wheat. Considering yield, resource use efficiency, and sustainability, straw strip mulching (SM) is a highly promising mulching technology in spring wheat production in the rain-fed areas of Northwest China. |
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