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作者	单位	地址
陈玉翠	浙江农林大学现代农学院	浙江省杭州市临安区浙江农林大学东湖校区
胡鑫
赵燕昊
彭星木
丁明全
戎均康	浙江农林大学现代农学院	浙江省杭州市临安区浙江农林大学现代农学院学16-217

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中文摘要:

小麦株高与植株倒伏密切相关,影响小麦产量。为挖掘小麦株高QTL位点和候选基因,从遗传和分子水平上解释株高分子机理,本研究以以色列小麦“Bethlehem”为背景的野生二粒小麦染色体臂置换系CASL7AS-BL为母本和优良品系“ZNL12”为父本杂交获得F1,经过花培得到178个DH株系为研究材料。通过四年两点株高数据,利用55KSNP芯片构建高密度遗传图谱,对小麦株高性状进行QTL分析。该遗传连锁图谱包含3655个SNP标记、长度为4738.45cM,标记间平均遗传距离为1.30cM,覆盖了小麦21条染色体。其中A、B、D染色体组分别含有标记1466、1492、 697个。QTL分析共检测出53个QTL,分布于1A、3A、5A、7A、1B、3B、4B、5B、7B、2D、4D、6D、7D染色体上,可解释2.80%-35.39%表型变异。其中稳定主效 QTL有两个,分别为QPh.zafu.4B-1和QPh.zafu.4D-1,其贡献率分别为23.77%~38.75%和19.96%-23.61%。通过细胞生物学研究发现,基因型为(0,2)矮秆植株胚芽鞘的表皮细胞长度显著低于基因型为(2,0)的高秆植株,基因型为(0,0)、(2,2)中间型的植株胚芽鞘表皮细胞长度无显著差异,由此推测小麦株高的变异由细胞长度因素决定。研究表明,QPh.zafu.4B-1候选基因Rht-B1b基因编码区在矮秆株系,第904核苷酸处发生碱基“C-T”的突变,形成终止密码子(CAG-TAG)；而QPh.zafu.4D-1候选基因Rht-D1b基因编码区矮秆株系,第781核苷酸处碱基突变“G-T”,编码氨基酸中缬氨酸变为天冬氨酸。本研究为小麦株高候选基因的筛选和QTL定位提供了优异的遗传位点和候选基因,未来可用于小麦抗倒伏相关的分子标记辅助育种。

英文摘要:

Wheat yield is impacted by plant lodging, which is closely related to wheat plant height. In order to explore QTL sites and candidate genes of wheat plant height, and to explain the underline plant height determine mechanisms from the genetic and molecular levels, this study used the wild emmer wheat chromosome arm replacement line CASL7AS-BL (Israeli wheat "Bethlehem") as the maternal parent and the excellent strain "ZNL12" as the paternal parent to obtain F1. After the anther culture, 178 DH lines were obtained as the study materials. A high-density of genetic map was created utilizing the 55KSNP chip based on the plant height data collected at two locations over the period of four years in order to perform QTL analysis for wheat plant height traits. The genetic linkage map contains 3655 SNP markers with a length of 4738.45cM which are having 1466, 1492 and 697 markers in A, B and D genome respectively. The average genetic distance between markers is 1.30cM, covering 21 chromosomes of wheat. With explained a phenotypic variance of 2.80% to 35.39%, a total of 53 QTLs were found by QTL analysis, and they were dispersed among the chromosomes 1A, 3A, 5A, 7A, 1B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 7B, 2D, 4D, 6D, and 7D. Among them, there are two stable main effect QTLs, namely QPh. zafu. 4B-1 and QPh. zafu. 4D-1, which explained 23.77%~38.75% and 19.96%~23.61% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Cell biology research revealed that the epidermal cell length of coleoptiles from dwarf plan with genotype (0,2) was significantly shorter than that of tall plants with genotype (2,0), while there was no discernible difference between intermediate genotype (0,0) and (2,2) genotypes. It was concluded that the cell length factor was responsible for the difference in wheat plant height. The results showed that the candidate gene of QPh.zafu.4B-1 is Rht-B1b, and a "C-T" mutation occurred at the 904 bp which caused a termination codon (CAG-TAG) formation; For dwarf strains in the coding region of Rht-D1b, a candidate gene of QPh.zafu.4D-1, a "G-T" mutation happened at the 781 bp which changed the valine to aspartic acid. This work has successfully identified and found the genetic loci for screening potential genes of wheat plant height trait, which can be employed in future molecular marker-assisted breeding for wheat lodging resistance.

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