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作者	单位
刘家君，王德福，秦娜娜，刘靖涛，刘小容	(1.四川文理学院/特色植物开发研究四川省高校重点实验室/大巴山农业资源开发与生态保护达州市重点实验室,四川达州 635000； 2.达州市农业科学研究院,四川达州 635000)

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中文摘要:

富硒小麦是缺硒地区人群膳食补硒的有效途径。为探究硒在小麦各部位的吸收、转运和分布规律，以小麦品系川文2401为供试材料，叶面喷施清水（CK）和7.5 g·hm^-2（C₁）、15.0 g·hm^-2（C₂）、30.0 g·hm^-2（C₃）纳米硒，分析不同处理对小麦硒吸收、转运、籽粒硒形态、营养元素、生态风险、膳食硒摄入和产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，叶面喷施纳米硒后小麦各组织的硒含量显著提高，籽粒硒含量增加25.5~126.8倍；硒转运系数(TF)发生显著变化，其中旗叶与第1茎节、第2叶与第2茎节、第3叶与第3茎节及第4叶与第4茎节的TF分别降低85.5%~91.3%、64.7%~82.4%、75.0%~75.0%和50.0%~83.3%，穗轴与颖壳、穗轴与籽粒的TF分别增加209.4%~718.8%和111.4%~640.0%。CK的籽粒仅检测出硒代胱氨酸（SeCys）和硒代蛋氨酸（SeMet），SeCys占比较高；C₁、C₂和C₃处理籽粒中新增1种硒形态，为甲基硒代半胱氨酸（MeSeCys），SeMet占比最高。与CK相比，C₁、C₂和C₃处理籽粒的锰、锌、铜和蛋白质含量显著下降，降幅分别为12.7%~15.6%、4.1%~18.2%、6.8%~16.1%和6.9%~22.7%；铁含量显著增加，增幅46.4%~111.1%。C₁处理的生态风险指数（Er）为51.6，最接近Er安全阈值（40.0），成人每日膳食硒摄入量（EDI）为297.2 μg，处于推荐范围（60~400 μg）；CK的Er在安全阈值内，但EDI远低于推荐范围的最低值；C₂、C₃处理的Er和EDI均高于安全/推荐范围。与CK相比，C₁、C₂、C₃处理的产量和千粒重显著提高，增幅分别为3.5%~8.5%和2.8%~4.4%；有效穗数和穗粒数无显著变化。综上，叶面喷施纳米硒可显著增加小麦籽粒硒含量和产量，并通过改善硒形态、占比及其他营养元素含量提高其品质，其中C₁处理（7.5 g·hm^-2）为纳米硒最优喷施浓度。

英文摘要:

Selenium-enriched wheat is a viable strategy to address dietary selenium deficiencies in selenium-deficient regions. To explore the selenium uptake, translocation, and distribution patterns in various wheat tissues, a wheat line Chuanwen 2401 was used as the material. Four foliar spraying treatments were set up: three nano-selenium application rates of 7.5 g·hm^-2(C₁), 15.0 g·hm^-2(C₂) and 30.0 g·hm^-2(C₃), with clean water as the control(CK), to analyze the effects on selenium absorption and translocation, selenium speciation in grains forms, nutrient element contents, ecological risks, dietary selenium intake, yield and yield components. The results showed that, foliar nano-selenium spraying significantly increased selenium content in various wheat tissues, and selenium content in wheat grain significantly increased by 25.5-126.8 fold. Compared with CK, selenium translocation coefficients showed significant changes, for example, TF of flag leaf and the 1st stem node, the 2nd leaf and 2nd stem node, the 3rd leaf and 3rd stem node，and the 4th leaf and 4th stem node were significantly reduced by 85.5%-91.3%, 64.7%-82.4%, 75.0%-75.0%, and 50.0%-83.3%, respectively. TF of rachis and glume, rachis and grain were significantly increased by 209.4%-718.8% and 111.4%-640.0%, respectively. Only selenocysteine(SeCys) and selenomethionine(SeMet) were detected in CK grains, with SeCys accounting for the higher proportion. An additional selenium speciation, methylselenocysteine(MeSeCys), was identified in grains under C₁, C₂, and C₃ treatments, with SeMet being the dominant selenium form. Compared with CK, contents of Mn, Zn, Cu, and grain protein significantly decreased by 12.7%-15.6%, 4.1%-18.2%, 6.8%-16.1%, and 6.9%-22.7%, respectively. Fe content significantly increased by 46.4%-111.1%. The ecological risk index(Er) of the C₁ treatment was 51.6, which was closest to the safety threshold(40.0), and the estimation of daily selenium intake(EDI) was 297.2 μg, falling within the recommended range(60-400 μg). The Er value of CK was within the safety threshold, but its EDI was far below the lower limit of the recommended range. Both Er and EDI values of C₂ and C₃ treatments exceeded the safety/recommended ranges. Compared with CK, yield thous and graiin weight of C₁, C₂, and C₃ treatments significantly increased by 3.5%-8.5% and 2.8%-4.4%, respectively. Effective spikes and grains per spike showed no significant changes. In conclusion, foliar nano-selenium spraying significantly increased the selenium content and yield of wheat grains, and improved the wheat grains quality by regulating the selenium speciation, proportion, and nutrient element content. Among them, C₁ treatment(7.5 g·hm^-2) was the optimal foliar nano-selenium spraying concentration.

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