| 贾晓雯，张紫俊，胡乃月，宋 晓，王 洁，陈 旭，于梦娇，魏婷婷，马 耕，周苏玫，贺德先，杨习文.河南省不同年代小麦品种根系生理功能及其与产量性状相关性的演进特征[J].麦类作物学报,2026,(7):925 |
| 河南省不同年代小麦品种根系生理功能及其与产量性状相关性的演进特征 |
| Evolutionary Characteristics of Root Physiological Functions of Wheat Varieties in Different Decades in Henan Province and Their Correlation with Yield Traits |
| |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 根系 生理功能 相关性 演进特征 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat Root system Physiological function Correlation Evolution characteristics |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划重点专项（2022YFD2300802）；国家自然科学基金项目（32301944） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 326 |
| 全文下载次数: 84 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究河南省不同年代小麦品种根系生理功能及其与产量性状相关性的演进特征，以河南省1950年代至2010年代的28个代表性小麦品种为材料，按每10年划分为1个年代组，共分为7个年代，于2023—2025年开展室外盆栽试验。系统测定了小麦不同生育时期的根干重、根系活力、根中全氮含量、根中可溶性糖含量，并调查了产量性状。结果表明，随年代更替，1970—2010年代品种根干重较1950—1960年代下降13.0%，生育期内呈先增加后减少并趋于稳定的趋势；根冠比呈现同样的变化趋势，1970—2010年代品种根冠比较1950-1960年代平均降低14.0%，2010年代品种较1950年代降低20.0%；1980—2010年代品种根系活力较1950—1970年代品种在整个生育期内更稳定，且在生育后期下降速率减缓且活力相对较高；根中全氮含量与可溶性糖含量持续升高，均在2010年代达峰值，较1950年代分别提升25.7%和25.6%，生育期内峰值均在返青期；2010年代品种较1950年代品种单株产量提升了56.2%，产量构成要素中，单株穗数下降了29.7%，千粒重增加了56.2%，穗粒数增加了3.9%。经相关分析，返青期根系活力和根中全氮含量与千粒重均呈极显著正相关；拔节期根中可溶性糖含量与单株穗数呈极显著正相关，而与千粒重呈极显著负相关。总之，随着年代更替，河南小麦根干重及根冠比呈下降趋势，产量持续提升，植株干物质更多地分配于产量形成；根系活力随年代更替先升后降，1980年代达到峰值；根中全氮含量及可溶性糖含量随年代的推进呈现出明显的增加趋势。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the evolutionary characteristics of root physiological functions and their correlations with yield traits in wheat varieties from different decades in Henan Province, 28 representative varieties from the 1950s to the 2010s were used as materials. The varieties were grouped into seven decades. The study was conducted using outdoor pot experiments from 2023 to 2025. The root dry weight, root vigor, total nitrogen, and soluble sugar content in roots at different growth stages were systematically determined, and the yield traits were investigated. The results showed that, with the passage of time, the root dry weight of varieties from the 1970s to the 2010s decreased by 13.0% compared with that from 1950s to 1960s, showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing and eventual stabilization during the growth period. The root-shoot ratio showed the same changing trend as the root dry weight the root-shoot ratios of varieties from the 1970s to the 2010s decreased by an average of 14.0% compared with those of the 1950s to the 1960s, and those of varieties from the 2010s decreased by 20.0% compared with the 1950s. The root vigor of the varieties from 1980 to 2010 was more stable throughout the growth period compared with that of the varieties from 1950s to 1970s, and its decline slowed down in the later growth period remained a high level. The total nitrogen and soluble sugar content in roots continued to increase, both reaching their peaks in the varieties in the 2010s, with increase rate of 25.7% and 25.6% respectively compared with the 1950s, and the peak values for both indicators occurred at the regreening stage. The yield per plant of the varieties in the 2010s increased by 56.2% compared with those in the 1950s, among the yield components, the number of panicles per plant decreased by 29.7%; the thousand-grain weight increased by 52.6%, and the number of grains per panicle increased by 3.9%. The results of the correlation analysis showed that wheat root vigor and total nitrogen concentration at regreening stage were highly significantly positively correlated with the thousand-grain weight, while soluble sugar content was positively correlated with the number of panicles per plant but negatively correlated with the thousand-grain weight during the jointing period. In summary, with the passage of time, the root dry weight and root-shoot ratio of wheat have shown a downward trend in Henan; plant dry matter was allocated more to yield formation; root vigor exhibits a temporal pattern of initial increase followed by decrease, peaking in the 1980s; the total nitrogen and soluble sugar content in roots showed an increasing trend with the advancement of release decades. |
|
查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 关闭 |
|
|
|
基本信息
