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作者	单位
杨可涵，康宇宇，刘新春，严俊，王睿珅，蔡羽，杜娟，冯宗云	1.四川农业大学农学院，四川温江 611130；2.农业农村部杂粮加工重点实验室/四川省杂粮产业化工程技术研究中心/成都大学食品与生物工程学院,四川成都，610106；3.云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所，云南昆明 650205

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中文摘要:

为了解青稞籽粒长、宽在品种（系）间的差异，以来自国内外的214份青稞品种（系）为材料，对粒长、粒宽进行鉴定分析。结果表明，青稞粒长、粒宽在品种（系）间均存在显著差异。粒长的变异范围为4.125~8.117 mm，平均值6.075 mm，总变异系数10.906%；籽粒较长的材料有北青2号（青海海北）、长芒裸大麦（云南昆明）、白青稞（西藏隆子）、山青7号（西藏山南）和喜马拉4号（西藏仁布），以喜马拉4号最长；籽粒较短的材料有湟中六棱青稞（青海湟中）、扎骨（西藏左贡）、褐青稞（青海）、米大麦（云南晋宁）和米如红（西藏南木林），以湟中六棱青稞最短。粒宽变异范围为1.670~3.553 mm，平均值2.596 mm，总变异系数13.721%；籽粒较窄材料有米如红（西藏南木林）、白青稞（西藏昌都）、丹巴黑青稞（四川丹巴）、冬207（西藏拉萨）和白青稞（西藏隆子），其中最窄品种为米如红；较宽材料为Bang Iu（墨西哥）、紫青稞（西藏穷结）、繁29（青海）和喜马拉6号（西藏日喀则），最宽材料为喜马拉6号。从材料来源看，青稞粒长在不同地区间也差异显著，但粒宽差异不显著；甘肃材料的粒长平均值最大（6.273 mm），云南材料的最低（5.737 mm）；最大值（8.117 mm）出现在西藏材料中，最小值（2.560 mm）在青海材料中。粒宽以来自国外的材料平均值最高（2.744 mm），云南材料的平均值最低（2.315 mm），最大值（3.553 mm）与最小值（1.670 mm）均出现在西藏材料中。通过聚类分析，根据粒长将214份材料聚类可分为较长粒型、较短粒型、短粒型和长粒型四类；根据粒宽也可划分为较宽粒型、宽粒型、窄粒型和较窄粒型四类；综合粒长和粒宽筛选出四个大粒品种（系）即拉萨蓝青稞（西藏拉萨）、奶玛（西藏波密）、北青2号（青海海北）和长芒裸大麦（云南昆明）。

英文摘要:

In order to understand the variations in grain length, grain width and regional distribution of hulless barley, 214 hulless barley varieties were used as materials to determine the grain length and width. The results of ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in grain length and width among different varieties. The variation range of grain length was 4.125-8.117 mm, with the average value of 6.075 mm, and the total coefficient of variation is 10.906%. The materials with long grain length inclued Beiqing 2 (Haibei, Qinghai), Changmangluodamai (Kunming, Yunnan), Baiqingke (Longzi, Tibet),Shanqing 7 (Shannan, Tibet), and Ximala 4 (Renbu, Tibet). The varieties with shorter grains inclued Huangzhongliulengqingke (Huangzhong, Tibet), Zhagu (Zuogong, Tibet),Heqingke (Qinghai), Midamai (Jinning,Yunnan), and Mirugong (Nanmulin, Tibet).The variation range of grain width was 1.670-3.553 mm with the average of 2.596 mm. The total coefficient of variation of grain width was 13.721%. Varieties with lowest grain width include Miruhong (Nanmulin, Tibet), Baiqingke (Changdu,Tibet), Danbaheiqingke (Danba, Tibet), and Dong 207 (Lhasa,Tibet).Varieties with highest grain width include Bang Iu (Mexico), Ziqingke(Qiongjie, Tibet), Fan 29 (Qinghai), and Ximala 6(Rikaze,Tibet). There were significant differences in grain length but no significant differences in grain width among different regions. Materials from Gansu had the highest mean grain length (6.273 mm) and those from Yunnan had the lowest (5.737 mm). The maximum value (8.117 mm) appeared in Tibetan materials and the minimum value (2.560 mm) appeared in Qinghai materials. The average grain width of materials from abroad was the highest (2.744 mm), while that from Yunnan was the lowest (2.315 mm). The widest (3.553 mm) and narrowest (1.670 mm) cultivars were in Tibet. The results of cluster analysis showed that 214 materials were divided into four categories according to grain length or width. We screened out four large grain cultivars: Lasalanqingke (Lhasa, Tibet), Naima (Bomi, Tibet), Beiqing 2 (Haibei, Qinghai), and Changmangluodamai (Kunming, Yunnan).

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