| 佟汉文，彭 敏，朱展望，刘易科，陈 泠，邹 娟，张宇庆，余 辉，高春保.湖北稻茬小麦主茎、分蘖1、分蘖2和分蘖3的成穗率、产量贡献率及主要农艺性状分析[J].麦类作物学报,2020,(2):177 |
| 湖北稻茬小麦主茎、分蘖1、分蘖2和分蘖3的成穗率、产量贡献率及主要农艺性状分析 |
| Analysis on Percentage of Productive Spike(PPS),Contribution Rates of Tillers in Grain Yield(CRY) and Main Agronomic Traits of Stem(S),Tiller 1(T1),Tiller 2(T2) and Tiller 3(T3) of Winter Wheat under Rice Stubble in Hubei |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2020.02.06 |
| 中文关键词: 湖北稻茬小麦 成穗茎蘖 产量贡献率 农艺性状 聚类分析 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat under rice stubble in Hubei Tillers of productive spike Contribution rates of tillers in grain yield(CRY) Agronomic traits Cluster analysis |
| 基金项目:国家粮食丰产增效科技创新项目（2016YFD0300406,2018YFD0301300）； 国家小麦产业技术体系专项（CARS-03） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 合理的茎蘖组合是提升小麦绿色高效生产的重要因素。为了解湖北稻茬小麦主要茎蘖对产量及主要农艺性状的影响，以大穗型小麦品种川麦104和多穗型小麦品种扬麦15为材料，于2016-2018年在湖北十堰和武汉两地稻茬麦大田条件下，设置低（1.35×106~1.65×106株·hm-2）、中（2.85×106~3.15×106株·hm-2）、高（4.35×106~4.65×106株·hm-2）三种种植密度，分析了主茎（S）、分蘖1（T1）、分蘖2（T2）和分蘖3（T3）（按出现先后顺序）的成穗率、产量贡献率及相关农艺性状的表现。结果表明：（1）湖北稻茬小麦成穗茎蘖农艺性状表现值偏低，除穗长和茎高受品种的影响最大外，其他被测性状受影响程度表现为蘖位>种植密度>品种；（2）在主茎均能成穗的情况下，分蘖成穗率随蘖位和种植密度的升高而降低，大穗型品种川麦104的降幅大于多穗型品种扬麦15；（3）主茎产量贡献率随种植密度的升高而升高（35.12%~ 54.50% ），分蘖1产量贡献率稳定在23.25%~25.50%，分蘖2和分蘖3的产量贡献率随种植密度升高而降低，分别为14.59%~ 23.22% 和5.42%~16.77% ；（4）主茎的穗粒数（35.94~44.13 粒）和穗粒重（1.44~1.93 g）显著高于其分蘖，茎高、茎蘖收获指数和穗茎节长只在川麦104中、高种植密度下的分蘖3与其他茎蘖差异显著；穗长、可孕小穗数和不孕小穗数有随蘖位和种植密度升高而变劣的趋势。聚类分析得出：湖北稻茬小麦绿色高效生产模式，以主茎成穗为主体，低种植密度下增加分蘖1和分蘖2，争取分蘖3成穗为辅；中种植密度下争取分蘖1+分蘖2成穗为辅；而高种植密度下争取分蘖1成穗为辅。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Rational combination of stem and tillers was one of the main factors to improve green and efficient production of rice-stubble wheat in Hubei Province. Large-spike wheat Chuanmai 104(CHM) and multi-spike wheat Yangmai 15(YM) were selected and planted at three densities(Low density LD-1.35×106-1.65×106 plants·hm-2; Medium density MD-2.85×106-3.15×106 plants·hm-2; High density HD-4.35×106-4.65×106 plants·hm-2) under rice-wheat cropping field in Wuhan and Shiyan of Hubei Province during 2016-2018.Percentage of productive spike(PPS),contribution rates of tillers in grain yield(CRY) and main agronomic traits of productive stem(S),tiller1(T1),tiller2(T2) and tiller3(T3) ordered by growing were analyzed. Wheat values of main agronomic traits of productive tillers under rice stubble in Hubei were low,and the average of number of grains per panicle(NGP),weight of grains per panicle(WGP),harvest index of stem and tillers(HIT) was 31.70 li,1.26 g and 42.66%,respectively. Apart from panicle length(PL) and culm length(CL) affected most by variety,influence levels of others such as PPS,NGP,WGP,HIT,number of sterile spikelet(NSS),number of productive spikelet(NPS) and rachis length(RL) were tiller order >sowing density >variety. Based on 100% PPS of S,PPS of the earlier tillers were higher than that of the later tillers and all negatively affected by planting density. PPS of T1,T2 and T3 was 65.00%-90.83%,43.33%- 88.83% and 20.00 -72.50% respectively,and the decrease of CHM was greater than that of YM. CRY of S increased with planting density rising and ranged from 35.12% to 54.50% and from 36.13% to 47.02% in CHM and YM,respectively,and which of T1 was stable at 23.25%-25.50%,but which of T2 and T3 decreased with the increasement of sowing density,ranging from 14.59% to 23.22% and from 5.42% to 16.77%,respectively.NGP and WGP had the trendency of decling by plantting density and tiller positon rising,and which of S were 35.94 -44.13 li and 1.44-1.93 g,respectively,and those were significantly higher than tillers. The changes of HIT,CL and RL were relatively stable,and which of S(45.23%,82.29 cm,26.49 cm),T1(45.07%,78.03 cm,25.38 cm) and T2(45.65%,79.91 cm,25.58 cm) were superior to T3(26.57%,63.93 cm,13.17 cm) at MD,and which of S (46.17% ,80.45 cm,26.46 cm),T1(44.67%,76.95 cm,26.57 cm) and T2(43.51%,75.54 cm,26.37 cm) were superior to T3(30.68%,59.48 cm,13.50 cm) at HD only in CHM. PL,NPS and NSS of S had obvious advantage to tillers,and those were 9.12-10.21 cm(7.82-8.19 cm) ,15.08-17.27 (16.29- 17.48 ) and 2.91-3.74 (3.11-3.44) in CHM(YM),respectively,and which had the trendency of deteriorating by sowing density and tiller order increasing. In order to understand the performance of productive tillers and establish a green and efficient planting system of winter wheat under rice stubble in Hubei,cluster analysis showed that grain formation of S was the the key factor,and other different efforts should be done based on sowing density. In LD,grain formation of T1 and T2 was needed ,and grain formation of T3 would be more better to this mode. In MD,some efforts were needed to be done to strive for grain formation of T1 and T2. In HD,grain formation of T1 was good for a green and efficient planting mode of wheat. |
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