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作者	单位
齐学礼，李艳，王玉民，韩留鹏，张磊，胡琳，许为钢	（河南省农业科学院小麦研究所/小麦国家工程实验室/农业部黄淮中部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/河南省小麦生物学重点实验室/河南省麦类种质资源创新与改良重点实验室，河南郑州 450002）

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中文摘要:

为明确玉米C₄型ZmPPDK基因提高小麦光合效率的功能，采用基因枪介导转化法，以小麦品种周麦23为受体，获得了转ZmPPDK基因小麦株系T14和T39，并于开花期和灌浆期测定了2个转基因株系及受体亲本的旗叶净光合速率日变化、光合相关基因表达量、叶绿素荧光参数以及成熟期产量性状。结果表明，T14和T39在2个测定时期10:00-14:00间的光合速率均显著高于野生型对照，在灌浆期2个转基因系的提高幅度均最大，分别达17.24%和21.11%。转基因小麦的ZmPPDK基因及内源CA、NADP-ME、FBP等光合相关基因的表达量均显著高于对照，其中ZmPPDK基因表达量的提高幅度分别为14.13和 15.28倍，并显著高于光合相关基因。在13:00时刻，转基因小麦的F_v/F_m和Φ_PSII均显著高于对照，而W_K和V_J显著低于对照。转基因小麦的2年平均产量较对照分别提高6.40%和5.02%，千粒重的提高是其增产的主要因素。以上结果说明，转玉米ZmPPDK基因小麦的光合特性和产量显著优于对照，玉米ZmPPDK基因具有改善C₃植物光合特性并提高其产量的潜力。

英文摘要:

Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase(PPDK) is a crucial rate-limiting enzyme in C₄ photosynthetic pathway. In order to investigate the mechanisms of the improvement of wheat photosynthesis by maize C₄-PPDK gene, ZmPPDK gene was introduced into a wheat variety named Zhoumai 23, using gene gun mediated transformation method. We obtained two transgenic lines named T14 and T39.PCR amplification confirmed that exogenous ZmPPDK gene was integrated into the genome of Zhoumai 23. To illuminate the photosynthetic and yield characteristics in the two transgenic wheat lines, we determined the diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate, relative expression levels of ZmPPDK and genes related to photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in transgenic wheat lines and wild type(WT) at anthesis stage and grain filling stage, and yield and related characters at maturity stage. The results showed that at the two stages, the net photosynthetic rate of the two transgenic wheat lines were higher than that of WT from 10:00 to 14:00, which was increased by as much as 17.2% and 21.1% at grain filling stage. The relative expression level of ZmPPDK and other wheat photosynthesis-related genes(CA, NADP-ME, and FBP) in the two transgenic wheat lines were significantly higher than that in WT, especially at grain filling stage, but the increase rate of the endogenous gene was lower than that of exogenous ZmPPDKgene. The maximum photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m) and actual photochemical efficiency(Φ_PSII) of the two transgenic wheat lines were significantly higher than that of WT.However, the relative variable fluorescence values at K point(W_K) and J point(V_J) showed the opposite trends.Compared with WT, the fluorescence parameters indicated transgenic wheat lines had better photochemical efficiency, and the two-year average grain yield of T14 and T39 was increased by 6.40% and 5.02%, respectively. All the above results indicated the transgenic wheat expressing maize ZmPPDK gene showed better physiological and yield characteristics, compared with WT, which illustrated that ZmPPDK gene had the potential to increase the photosynthetic efficiency and yield of C₃ plant.

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