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为了探究不同茬口对小麦生产的影响，在测定玉米、大豆、花生、甘薯4种不同作物收获后土壤养分状况的基础上，对不同茬口下小麦植株养分吸收、利用和产量进行了研究。结果表明，与玉米茬相比，大豆茬的土壤速效磷含量降低，土壤速效氮和速效钾含量提高，花生茬的土壤速效氮和速效磷含量提高，甘薯茬的土壤速效氮和速效钾含量下降；大豆、花生和甘薯茬有利于小麦植株养分的积累，并能显著提高千粒重，但甘薯茬的小麦产量显著低于玉米茬。因此，大豆和花生可作为冬小麦种植区两熟复种模式的适宜前茬作物。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the effects of different previous crops on wheat production, the characteristics of nutrient absorption, nutrient utilization and yield of wheat were studied on the basis of the soil nutrient status after harvesting four different previous crops including corn,soybean,peanut and sweet potato. The results showed that, compared with the preceding corn planting, more available phosphorus was consumed and the content of available nitrogen and available potassium in the soil were increased with the previous soybean treatment, while the contrasting trends were performed with the treatment of preceding sweet potato planting; the content of available nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil were improved after preceding peanut planting. Additionally, the accumulation of nutrient in wheat plants was benefited from previous soybean, peanut and sweet potato planting and the 1 000-grain weight of wheat grain was significantly increased. While the wheat yield of the previous sweet potato was significantly reduced more than that of the preceding corn planting. Soybean and peanut may be the suitable preceding crops for wheat in this region of southern of North China plain,because they improved the nutrients accumulation in soil and wheat plant to a certain extent.

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