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为了明确冬小麦籽粒胚乳细胞增殖和灌浆对粒重的影响，选用不同冬小麦品种，研究了籽粒胚乳细胞分裂增殖和灌浆的动态变化及其与粒重的关系。结果表明，小麦籽粒灌浆速率和胚乳细胞数量均呈“S”型曲线变化。籽粒胚乳细胞数目与缓增期细胞的增殖能力密切相关，缓增期胚乳细胞增殖能力较强、胚乳细胞数目增加较多的品种，籽粒胚乳细胞数量较多。相关性分析结果表明，籽粒胚乳细胞数量与粒重正相关。粒重与最大灌浆速率和灌浆中后期的灌浆速率趋势一致，最大灌浆速率高、灌浆中后期保持较高灌浆速率的品种，粒重较高。Logistics方程结果显示，小麦籽粒的胚乳细胞数量与胚乳细胞增殖活跃期和最大增殖速率出现的时间有关，与胚乳细胞最大增殖速率关系不密切；粒重主要与最大灌浆速率有关，与灌浆活跃期和最大灌浆速率出现的时间没有必然关系。津农6号的胚乳细胞数量最多，粒重最高，其次是济麦22和山农16，石新828最低。产量表现从高到低依次为津农6号、山农16、济麦22和石新828。

英文摘要:

In order to clarify the effect of endosperm cell development and grain filling on winter wheat yield, four wheat cultivars were used to study the dynamic changes of endosperm cell proliferation and grain filling and the relationship between these dynamic changes and grain yield.The results showed that grain filling rate and endosperm cell number of each variety showed “S” curve. The number of endosperm cells in grain is closely related to the proliferation ability of cells at the slow increase stage. The stronger the endosperm cell proliferation ability is at the slow increase stage, the more the added number of endosperm cells is, resulting in more endosperm cells.In addition,correlation analysis indicated there are positive correlation between endosperm cells and grain weight.Grain weight was consistent with the maximum grain filling rate and the filling rate during the middle and late filling stages. The maximum grain filling rate was high, and the grain filling rate was still rapid at the middle and late filling stage, leading to the heavy grain weight accordingly. The results of the Logistics equation showed that the endosperm cells number was related to the active grain filling duration and the time of maximum proliferation rate of endosperm cells, which was not closely related to the maximum rate of endosperm cells proliferation. The grain weight is mainly related to the maximum rate and the average rate of grain filling, which is not related to the active grouting duration and the maximum grain filling rate. Among the varieties, the endosperm cell number and grain weight of Jinnong 6 were the highest, followed by those of Jimai 22 and Shannong 16, and Shixin 828. The yield from high to low was ranked as Jinnong 6, Shannong 16, Jimai 22 and Shixin 828.

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