| 陈冬梅，马永安，苏玉环，刘保华，王雪香，贺维昭，赵志军.不同落黄型小麦品种光合器官衰老及产量对花后高温的响应[J].麦类作物学报,2017,(12):1596 |
| 不同落黄型小麦品种光合器官衰老及产量对花后高温的响应 |
| Response of Photosynthetic Organ Senescence and Yield of Wheat with Different Yellowing Types to Heat Stress after Anthesis |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2017.12.10 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 落黄型 花后高温 产量 光合器官衰老 耐热性 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat Yellowing type Heat stress after anthesis Yield Photosynthetic organ senescence Heat resistance |
| 基金项目:河北省科技支撑计划项目（16226320D）；河北省农业科技成果转化资金项目（16826331D）；国家小麦产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-03） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为给耐热性小麦品种的选育和推广提供依据，以黄淮北片小麦全身落黄型品种邯6172和邯麦13及灰白落黄型品种石4185和早衰落黄型品种鲁麦14为供试材料，研究了灌浆期热胁迫对小麦植株含水量、干物质转运量和籽粒灌浆特性的影响，并通过千粒重热感指数评价了不同类型品种的耐热性。结果表明，高温加快了小麦叶片黄化衰老，不同品种衰老快慢不同，邯6172和邯麦13的旗叶、倒2叶、倒3叶分别于热胁迫后19、16、10 d开始黄化，叶片黄化速度慢，分别比鲁麦14、石4185晚3~6 d。热胁迫使穗、茎、叶含水量下降，不同品种下降速率不同，灌浆后期差异更为显著，其中花后31 d鲁麦14、石4185、邯6172和邯麦13穗部含水量分别比对照下降28.7%、30.3%、12.1%和17.4%，叶片含水量分别下降53.8%、44.4%、18.7%和21.5%；鲁麦14、石4185茎秆含水量始终低于邯6172和邯麦13，失水失绿早。热胁迫下全身落黄小麦叶片衰老速度慢，绿叶数目、绿叶面积均较高，穗茎叶含水量相对较高，充分延缓了叶片等光合器官的衰老，保证了正常的生理代谢功能，营养器官干物质转运量和籽粒灌浆速率下降幅度较小，千粒重降低不明显，产量和千粒重热感指数小于1，耐热性好。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| We studied the effect of heat stress on water content,dry matter transportation and grain-filling characteristics during the filling stage,which were based on four wheat varieties cultivated in north Huang-Huai Area with different yellowing types: whole-body-yellowing Hanmai 6172 and Hanmai 13,gray-white-yellowing Shi 4185,and early-fading-yellowing Lumai 14. We also evaluated heat resistance of these wheat varieties by thousand kernel weight (TKW) heat sensation index. The study showed that heat stress accelerates the fading progress of yellowing on leaves and the speed varies among different varieties. The yellowing process of Han 6172 and Hanmai 13 was comparatively slow as its flag leaves,top second leaves and top third leaves were yellowing respectively 19 days,16 days and 10 days after heat stress treatment,3 to 6 days later than those of Lumai 14 and Shi 4185. The study also showed that heat stress decreases the water content inside leaves on ear stem,the speed of which is significant during late-filling stage while differing among varieties. After 31 days after anthesis,the water content in wheat heads of Lumai 14 and Shi 4185 was decreased by 28.7% and 30.3% while the decreasing rate was 12.1% for Han 6172 and 17.4% for Hanmai 13; the water content in leaves of Lumai 14 and Shi 4185 was decreased by 53.8% and 44.4% while the decreasing rate was 18.7% for Han 6172 and 21.5% for Hanmai 13; the water content in wheat stems of Lumai 14 and Shi 4185 remained lower than that of Han 6172 and Hanmai 13,revealing early dehydration and chlorosis. The results showed that under heat-stress treatment,the whole body yellowing variety faded slower than other varieties,by having more and larger proportion of green leaves,as well as higher water content in ear leaves on stem. These characteristics postponed the aging process of wheat green organs,which ensured the normal metabolism function. As a result,dry matter export amount in vegetative organs,grain filling rate and 1 000-grain weight drop in a comparatively mild way,so that sum of yield and TKW heat sensation index is less than 1,showing better heat resistance. |
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