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为了给北部冬麦区旱地小麦育种提供参考，利用1986-2015年国家北部冬麦区旱地小麦长治区试点参试品种的试验资料，研究其演变规律，并对产量和主要农艺性状进行相关和通径分析。结果表明，28年间北部冬麦区旱地小麦品种产量呈逐年递增趋势，年平均遗传进展分别为68.163 kg·hm_-2或1.57%。主要农艺性状演变的总趋势是，有效穗数和千粒重增加，穗粒数略有减少，株高降低，抽穗期和成熟期提前，灌浆期延长，其年平均遗传进展分别为0.18%、0.26%、-0.03%、-0.26%、-0.12%、-0.05%、0.17%。从产量及主要农艺性状变化趋势和变异情况及区域布局、气候条件和育种现状分析，选育抗旱节水性好、高产稳产适应性广的品种是北部冬麦区旱地小麦育种面临的挑战和最终目标。为了适应当前耕作制度、生产条件和气候变化的影响，北部冬麦区旱地品种选育应在加强品种抗旱节水性选择的基础上，通过适当降低株高增强抗倒性来进一步增加穗数，通过选育穗子较大、小穗数适中、结实性好的品种来提高穗粒数，通过选择灌浆期长且灌浆速率高的品种来提高品种的千粒重。

英文摘要:

In order to provide reference for dryland wheat breeding in the future,using the data of nearly 30 years from the state dryland regional test of northern winter wheat zone at Changzhi point,the evolution rule of yield and main agronomic traits of varieties (lines) was studied,and correlation analysis and path analysis were conducted. The results showed that,during 30 years,the yield of wheat varieties in northern winter wheat area was increased year by year,and annual genetic gain was 68.16 kg·hm_-2 with an increase rate of 1.57%. Trend of main agronomic traits showed increase in spikes per square and 1 000-grain weight,slightly reduction in grains per spike,reduction in plant height,early heading and mature period,extension of grain filling period,with annual genetic gains of 0.18%,0.26%,-0.03%,-0.26%,-0.12%,-0.05% and 0.17%,respectively. According to change trends of yield and main agronomic traits,regional distribution,weather conditions and current situation of breeding,to breed varieties with drought resistance,water saving,high and stable yields and wide adaptability are the challenges and ultimate goal in dryland of northern winter wheat area. In order to adapt to variation of farming system,production condition and climate,variety selection in northern winter wheat area would pay attention to the following several points: enhancing drought resistance and water saving of variety,adding spikes per square,enhancing lodging resistance and reducing plant height,increasing grains per spike by selecting variety with big spike,appropriate density of spikelet and high seed setting rate,and increasing 1 000-grain weight by extension of grain filling and raising efficiency of filling.

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